Caliph

In the tenth century fable, “The Case of the Animals versus Man Before the King of the Jinn” from the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity by the Brethren of Purity, the animals of the world sue and have a trial against the human race. While the king of the Jinn, who is basically the judge, listen to both the animal’s and human’s well- supported arguments.The humans point to many things such as their superior intellect to prove that they are the masters and the animals are the slaves. Although…

each of these individual sermons are not validated due to their unidentifiable “chain of transmission” (al-Haidari, n.d.). It’s just not possible in some cases. For example, in India, Hadith are considered very important. Bhatty brings up an excellent point, however. Some of the situations in the Hadith relate directly to situations that took place in India “with which the Prophet just could not have been acquainted” and therefore have subsequently been deemed untrue (Bhatty, 1994). This,…

their dark ages. They had forgone many of their advances in thought, and fell into mysticism and superstitions. During this era, Islam made many advances in understanding, and we will be going through a few of them. The first university was formed by Caliph Ma 'mum. Many new ideas of how the world was formed, and how it works came out of this time. Along with this came new thought of how an individual is to act socially,…

separating the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in 326 CE to now, it has been destroyed and rebuilt numerous times, but the religious significance of the building has remained the same, if not increased. The Church was destroyed in 1009 by Caliph Hakim, and was not rebuilt until after 1099, when the Crusaders conquered Jerusalem and began to expand the Church (Wilkinson, 1978, p. 11-12). Rebuilding and increasing the size of the Church allowed the conquering Christians to…

Ibn Hisham’s recount of, The Breaking of the Truce and the Taking of Mecca, cannot be thoroughly comprehended without regarding aspects such as the time period when it was written, and under which caliphate it was written in. Although Hisham claims many truths within his writing it is not precise considering the time period it was written in. After the death of the prophet Muhammad, historian like Ibn Hisham focused his writing on stories about the prophet’s life that specifically focused on his…

San Juan Bautista de Baños de Cerrato. ʻAbd ar-Rahman III: o After the Islamic conquest of Spain al-Andalus was created. ʻAbd ar-Rahman III was the first ruler of al-Andalus to claim to be the single authority in all the Islamic world, the first caliph, by declaring to be successor of the prophet Muhammad. Under his rule, al-Andalus became a very peaceful nation that made enormous economic expansion. One example of this is expansion is the Madinat al-Zahra.…

Umayyad Dynasty. They did not discriminate as harshly of the non-muslim as in the Umayyad. Prophet’s family gave them religious legitimacy. The rules titles were based on the relationship to God, such as God of Caliph and Shadow of the God. After conquering a territory they would send a Caliph to run…

Knights Hospitaller What it is? (Introduction) The Knights Hospitaller were one of the most important and wealthiest Military Orders that were active during the Crusades. They are also known as the Knights of the Order of Saint John the Hospitaller, Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes and some others. The name Knights was given since they were knights who protected the people and the name Hospitaller, because of how they started their military order. Knights and monks were the elements that…

The Modern Library has attempted to stage a comeback by launching a large and ambitious series of handsomely produced volumes, most of which are indeed by leading authorities. Not so this slim work on Islamic history, a scandalously apologetic and misleading account written by a former nun with an ax to grind. The apologetics start with the Prophet Muhammad and conclude with the present day. Armstrong goes out of her way to soften every hard edge, explain away every unpleasantness, and hide…

Throughout the middle ages, and more specifically for the sake of this essay the 5th to the 15th century, religion was a cause for great collaboration and, by contrast, great conflict between secular and ecclesiastical rulers. The Council of Nicea discussed Constantine’s desire for a Christianity to be the official religion of Rome. The Carolingians and Pippinids proved that there are benefits from working together with the church. Their dynasty was to be the first rule by divine leadership.…