BRCA1

women get screened? Why should women be screened? The rational for asking this clinical question is clear. The patient’s immediate family has diagnosis of breast cancer. In our background, we were able to obtain knowledge of high risk factor, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, which are hereditary. Our patient’s sister was diagnosed at age thirty six, which is premenopausal age, thus our patient is at high risk for breast cancer and early detection may save her life. We can now move to the…

treated early (1). They also stated that women are more prone of developing the disease if they have a history of breast cancer, was younger than thirty years old when having radiation to the chest, or have a relative with either genetic mutations of BRCA1 or…

Usually women under 50.Women who have the BRCA1 gene mutations are also more likely to develop it as are African-American and Hispanic women. Scientists have spent quite a bit of time over the last year evaluating a protein called the folate receptor alpha protein. In the Mayo clinic inside the…

Breast cancer is the 2nd most common, occurring cancer in women. By exploring the pathophysiology of breast cancer, one will understand the causes and be able to educate women on how to reduce the risk associated with breast cancer. Concept, System, Anatomy, and Physiology Breast cancer falls under the concept of cellular regulation. The main body system that is affected by breast cancer is the reproductive system. Breast cancer is defined as the unregulated growth of abnormal cells in the…

Breast cancer is a very common cancer and most people know someone who has been affected by this nasty disease. However, more and more women have been deciding to have a double mastectomy as part of their treatment even if they are at low risk to develop cancer in their other healthy breast. Some consider this a safe smart decision while others think that these women may be overreacting. In Double or Nothing the author Ginny Graves gives us the facts and opinions from doctors and survivors…

At one point in the universe’s long and ongoing history, evolution began with the smallest of sea creatures. Since then, there have been many waves of evolution, and with genetic engineering, humankind will be able to remain adjustable to lifestyle and environmental changes. It may potentially be the peak of the “fittest” that Darwin proposed in 1869. Genetic engineering is not a science fiction fantasy anymore either- is it legitimate and it is growing. Will you grow and adapt with genetic…

Pancreatic cancer is the tenth most common malignancy, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality in both women and men in the western world. It is predicted that by year 2020 pancreatic cancer will surpass colon and liver cancer related mortality, making pancreatic cancer the second leading cause of cancer related death, placing it just behind lung cancer (8)(9). The American Cancer Society estimates 48,960 new cases of pancreatic cancer for year 2015, and is estimated that…

About 1 in 8 U.S women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. In 2016, an estimated 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S, along with 61,000 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer. All cancers begin in cells; our body has billons of cells. Cancer starts with changes of one cell or many cells. We have the right amount of cell in our body. The cells produce signals to control how much and how often cells divide.…

There are many types of cancers in the world. Each and every one of them have their own origin. For example, reproductive cancers which can be in both male and female In men there are multiple types of reproductive cancers. One of them is known as Prostate Cancer, which is located in the prostate and is a small walnut-shape that produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm according to Fig.1 (Mayo Foundation,2015). It is a common cancer in men and can develop in three different…

These malignant cells develop due to damaged DNA or through genetic mutations in which some individuals inherit genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and P53 (Tang, Rangayyan, Xu, El Naqa, & Yang, 2009). Hence, an individual is at risk when a close relative has had breast cancer in the past. The presence of Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the infected breast encourages cell division…