BRCA1

Ovarian cancer is a cancer that begins in an ovary.[1] It results in abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body.[2] When this process begins, symptoms may be vague or not apparent, but they become more noticeable as the cancer progresses. These symptoms may include bloating, pelvic pain, and abdominal swelling, among others.[3] Common areas to which the cancer may spread include the lining of the abdomen, lining of the bowel and bladder, lymph nodes,…

pertaining to Myriad Genetics and its gene patenting. Myriad Genetics, a biomedical company, was involved in the hunt or genes associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. They found a sequence of these genes and isolated them, which were known as BRCA1 and BRCA2, filing a patent for them. The basis of the testing premium price was that the patents would allow Myriad to set it during the twenty year life of the patents. Myriad even sent cease and desist letters on the basis of patent…

Case Background In Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., the Court addressed the patentability of human genes. Myriad Genetics Inc. had identified precisely and then isolated two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 which can substantially increase the risks of breast and ovarian cancer. As a result, soon thereafter, the company began offering screening tests to members of the public able to afford them, and filed for patents related to the discovery and associated assets. Myriad…

Genetic Susceptibility Genetic susceptibility plays a role in many types of cancer and other diseases. Finding the genes involved in susceptibility to diseases can be important for risk management. It known as inherited risk of developing a disease. Having a genetic predisposition for a disease does not mean that people will get that disease, but the patient risk may be higher than that of the general population. For example, some people with a predisposing genetic variation will never get the…

Bisphenol A is widely used in plastics to form different types of materials for daily use in society. However these plastics such as containers, may expose people to small amounts of BPA in food and water. The exposure of BPA comes primarily from consumption of food, as there was a national survey given out by the CDC(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) as there was BPA found in urine more than 90% of the people being studied. In one of the research articles, a team of scientist…

and even a few patients petitioned together in order to sue Myriad Genetics for attempting to patent the specific genes known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Christopher A. Hansen represented the plaintiffs of this case while Donald B. Verrilli, Jr., Solicitor General, from the Department of Justice in Washington D.C., argued on behalf of the respondent of the case (SCOTUSblog). BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that can be used as indicators of breast cancer in women (Oyez). Myriad Genetics had sequenced these…

More than 40,00 women in the United States are expected to die from breast cancer in 2015. Death rates for breast cancer are higher than any other cancer, besides lung cancer for women in the United States. In addition, American women are most commonly diagnosed with breast cancer over any other cancer with the exception of skin cancer. In fact, 1 in 8 women in the United States will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at some point in their lifetime. Breast cancer is the number one…

Breast screening can be emotionally stressful experience for the patient. In the past decade, there has been many changes in devices used to examine and detect breast cancer in women. The purpose of these screening devices were to decreasing mortality rate in breast cancer and perform the screening within optimal time and comfort for the patient. Breast cancer is currently the leading cause of death after skin cancer in women. Women over the age of 40 are highly encouraged to have a yearly…

Stromal (Sex-cord) account for around 5% of ovarian cancers and form in the ovary cells that release hormones, this tumour is malignant. (Ovarian Cancer, 2016). Ovarian cancer has been linked to the BRCA1 gene and BRCA2, however, this is very rare, only affecting 1% of the female population. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene are the only genes connected to ovarian cancer, however there are other causes. (Berry. Parmigiani. Sanchez,…

What is designer baby? “A designer baby is a baby genetically engineered in vitro for specially selected traits, which can vary from lowered disease-risk to gender selection.” (Arizona Board of Regents 2015) Parents would be able to select whether or not their child inherits a certain genetic disease, sex, super intelligence and some doctors believe that in 10 years time you will be able to choose the eye colour of your baby and it will have an 80% success rate. How does designer babies work?…