Bones of the lower limb

thus the bisection of the distal third of her lower limb is was not vertical. 2) During midstance she could not maintain neutral position. 3) Finally there rotational influences from the lower limbs present, which affected the position of her foot. These are most likely due to hip muscular imbalances and/or weaknesses (Daniel & Colda, 2012). Stress theory: Concepts from this theory can be applied to the client’s areas of OA. Reducing friction between bone/cartilage within the knee joint,…

and can be translated to mean “without cartilage”. This partly defines the effects of ACH which creates an inability to convert cartilage into bone particularly in the arms and legs. Evidence supports that FGFR3 protein (produced in the FGFR3 gene) inhibits the proliferation of chondrocytes or the cartilage producing cells which slows down the formation of bone through ossification. This increases the functionality of…

responsible for increasing osteoclast production. Since osteoclasts break down bone, the calcium stored in the bone is released into the blood, increasing the blood calcium level. This means that Gustavo’s bone density will decrease and he will have greater levels of calcium in the blood. The administration of calcitonin and Vitamin D with calcium supplementation could aid in balancing blood calcium levels and loss of bone density. Vitamin D turns into calcitriol (the variant of Vitamin D) and…

There are about 700 types of muscles within the human body that aid the body with movement while a few also helps with stabilizing the bones (Allen and Harper 2014). Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth are the three types of muscular tissues found within the body (Tortora and Derrickson 2014). The heart is made out of cardiac muscle tissue and that is striated (Tortora and Derrickson 2014). The walls of the hollow organs of the human body are made with smooth muscle tissues that are non-striated…

The musculo skeletal system consists of bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and joints, they all work together to provide the body support, protection and movement. The bones protect the body’s internal organs for example the rib cage protects the lungs, the skull protects the brain and the spine protects the spinal cord, it also supports the weight of the body and moves the body with the help of muscles. The muscles hold these bones in place, they assist with movement…

is not a single joint but a complex arrangement of bones, ligaments and musculotendinous units that called the shoulder girdle. The primary role of the shoulder girdle is to provide a tremendous range of motion for positioning the upper extremity in space. The shoulder girdle also provides power and support for the upper extremity throughout and at the extremes of the range of motion. (19) The shoulder girdle includes three bones (scapula, clavicle, and proximal humerus), three…

neuromuscular factors, the loss of neural input to the muscles is ongoing and a lifelong process that is irreversible. When the body loses motor units that innervate several muscle fibers, the neurons that survived attempt to “adopt” muscle fibers. The lower number of motor units functional means the individual has decreased strength and muscle atrophy. The vastus lateralis in 43 male cadavers aged 15 to 83, this study showed total number of muscle fibers was reduced by 50% between the age…

Washington Irving creates this social conflict between the characters Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel in, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” Ichabod Crane, a strict school teacher and singing instructor, represents the lower-class in this short story and Katrina, daughter of a wealthy farm owner, represents the upper-class. On the surface, the text tells a story of a poor school teacher who falls madly in “love” with an upper-class beauty queen who ultimately rejects Ichabod…

Meniscus Tear A meniscus tear is a knee injury in which a piece of the meniscus is torn. The meniscus is a thick, rubbery, wedge-shaped cartilage in the knee. Two menisci are located in each knee. They sit between the upper bone (femur) and lower bone (tibia) that make up the knee joint. Each meniscus acts as a shock absorber for the knee. A torn meniscus is one of the most common types of knee injuries. This injury can range from mild to severe. Surgery may be needed for a severe tear.…

Anatomy review for the nervous system - Week 12 Study Guide 1. Distinguish the difference between neuron, neuroglial cells, Schwann cells, neurofibrils, and astrocytes. Neuron: masses of nerve cells in nervous tissue Neuroglial Cells: provide neurons physiological requirements (fill spaces, give support to neurons) Schwann Cells: larger axons of peripheral neurons enclosed in sheaths Neurofibrils: thin, long fibrils that run through body of neuron and extends to axon and dendrites; gives…