Anthrax toxin

Informative Speech Medical Use of Botox I. Introduction A. Throughout the history of perfecting modern medicine, there have been many medical breakthroughs that have changed the perception of medical treatment. B. Medline Plus describes botox or botulinum toxin as a type of drug created by clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that blocks nerve communication between muscles, causing the muscles to paralyze and not contract. C. There are many misconceptions about the idea of botox and its…

Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A Introduction Botulinum toxin was first identified as a cause of food poisoning over 100 years ago (Carruthers and Carruthers, 2009). Since then, there has been an identification of seven different serotypes labeled A-G; all produced by different strains of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum (Hurkadle et al., 2012). Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is the main and most well-studied serotype that is used in cosmetic (Hurkadle et al., 2012). The BTX-A can be…

What Exactly Is Botox? Botox is a type of prescription medication that is injected into the facial muscles in order to reduce wrinkles. Botox often has dramatic effects. In fact, it can take years off of a person's appearance. Botox is approved for patients between the ages of 18 and 65. Botox has been approved for cosmetic use in over 78 countries. It is estimated that 10.9 million people in the United States have received Botox ever since it was first approved. Are There Any Side Effects?…

As we get older people become responsible, as adults we are responsible for several things. Through time we probably have many responsibilities that we stress over and we might develop major health issues. Two of the most common chronic headaches in the world are tension and migraine headaches. These headaches are mostly common in adults could start at any age but it 's mostly common in the ages of 20’s-40’s. In the US 12% percent of Americans suffer from headaches like tension and migraine…

II Bacteria Paper: Clostridium Botulinum Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that causes the illness, in humans known as botulism (Smith and Sugiyama, 1988). It produces a potent neurotoxin called botulinum toxin that causes botulism or foodborne botulism. The spores are heat resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly or poorly processed (FDA). There are seven recognized types of botulism (A-G) but only A, B, E, and F cause human botulism…

Clostridium Botulinum Clostridium Botulinum is a single celled bacteria and has organelles, not bounded by a membrane. They are asexual and reproduce by binary fission. It belongs to Kingdom Bacteria because it has peptidoglycan in its cell wall. It is unicellular and lack nucleus. It is obligate anaerobe as well as have ability to produce by spore so it falls under Phylum Firmicutes. It is classified in class Clostridia and further in order Clostridiales due to its spore forming ability. It is…

The medicine stung as it went in and because of the saline it was mixed with, I felt an unsettling cold as it shot through my arm. Somehow, it caused me to taste a strange metallic and salty taste in the back of my mouth and made me uncomfortable for no reason. There is no way to explain it other than a feeling of uneasiness that was resolved by nothing. The treatment for migraines is painful and scary. No one could have predicted the severity of the struggle I began with migraines when I was…

This summary and review of Botox Nation (Dana Berkowitz 2017) is a deep look into the development of the Botox phenomenon that is in our world today. Botox is a trend that is on the climb and is different from any other ‘anti-aging’ prevention or cure on the market. And somehow along the line Botox was given the okay to be passed off as a medical procedure with curative and preventative powers. (Berkowitz, 2017, p. 5) The author Dana Berkowitz uses Botox as an avenue to view how the norms of…

Bacillus anthracis is the causative organism of the serious infectious disease, called anthrax. There are three manifestations of this disease. The manifestations include gastrointestinal anthrax, inhalation anthrax, and cutaneous anthrax. This research will explore the morphology, virulence factors, reservoir, transmission, and portal of entry of B. anthracis. The pathogenesis will also be reviewed, including symptoms, how B. anthracis causes these symptoms, the possible complications of the…

the use of biological weapons as a way to gain political power, this type of warfare has been used throughout history in a variety of ways. Like how the movie uses the St. Mary’s Virus, biological warfare also involves the use of deadly agents like anthrax, smallpox and botulinum for offensive purposes. Even though V for Vendetta is based on a fictional tale, the movie is able to draw comparisons on how deadly agents have been used in biological warfare…