Adenosine receptor

caffeine you consume daily, how it affects your body, and maybe even consider cutting back on your daily intake. We all know what caffeine is, but if asked to scientifically define it could we accurately do so? Caffeine is an antagonist of adenosine receptors as well as a stimulant. It “renders significant physiological effects on its consumers, and individuals often use it in an effort to boost energy or wake up”…

Methods of analysis: Andrea is a 35 year old female who regularly takes part in cardiovascular exercise. She has recorded her beats per minute (BPM) and blood pressure before, during and after performing exercise with a heart rate monitor and a sphygmomanometer. She completed this experiment during a spin class within a controlled environment and on a fixed spin bike. Findings: BPM Before exercise 96 Average heart rate during exercise 142 Maximum heart rate during exercise 174 1 minute after…

respiration. Physiology defines respiration as movement of air, more specifically oxygen, from the environment to the cells in the body. Biochemistry defines respiration as the metabolic process by which cells utilize glucose and oxygen to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Inspiration, which is an active part of respiration, is initiated by the respiratory control center in medulla oblongata. Nerve impulses from medulla oblongata causes diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles to…

Topic: Molecular mechanism of dietary restriction in ageing Title: Dietary restriction and mTOR signalling pathway in lifespan extension Dietary restriction (DR), which is reduced intake of all dietary constituents except vitamins and minerals, was first shown to extend the lifespan of rats 80 years ago (McCay, 1930). Since then, many studies have proven that DR can extend longevity on wide range of taxa (Fontana et al., 2010). In addition, research done on animal models reveals that there…

The word drug usually infers a negative connotation. Most people will think of illegal drugs such as cocaine or meth. Some people will think of drugs as medicine that people would get from the doctor’s. There is a drug, however, that is readily available and is easily obtainable to just about anybody in any store that sells food. This drug is caffeine and it may play a bigger part in the lives of Americans than most people realize. If used properly, it can help almost anybody in almost any…

is Osteoporosis?, 2017). There are some medications that may be prescribed to those with osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates, denosumab, and calcitonin are some medications that may help with bone loss. Menopausal hormone therapy and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are also used for…

The U.S. spends $40 billion on coffee a year. Americans drink an average of 3.1 cups of coffee a day. It is safe to say, Americans drink a lot of coffee. The most important ingredient in coffee is the caffeine. Caffeine has the ability to do great and bad things to a person’s body and it relates to biochemistry. Caffeine’s main forms are coffee, tea, and cocoa. Caffeine enhances athletic performance, improves memory, and it can be potentially be a gateway drug. When being assigned a research…

Kapp, Maurer, Auwärter, Winkelmann, and Hermanns-Clausen (2011) describe a case of a 25-year-old male who developed jaundice and pruritus after ceasing to ingest Kratom. The patient had been using Kratom acquired “via the Internet (www.thai-kratom)” for two weeks (Kapp et al., 2011, para. 3). On the second day after having quit taking the Kratom powder the man began experiencing subjective fever and chills. Restlessness and insomnia was also reported by the patient, possibly signalling…

On Saturday, June 25, 2005 in London, England, a fifteen-year old girl left her house and went straight up to a construction. She climbed a 130-foot crane. She wasn’t afraid, not careless; she was just asleep. Luckily, a man was passing when he saw her, he immediately call the authorities. After that a firefighter came and helped her get down after waking her up.1 This can demonstrate the amazing incidents that can happen while we sleep. Some of you may ask yourselves how can this happen? The…

significant change to the platelet count that has been established to be 10 µM. Such was confirmed by the flow cytometry that exhibited the highest increment in larger platelets, with increase ranging between 10 and 20 µM of ADP. However, 20 µM could not be used because it would cause excessive aggregation. Platelets contained in population 1 (P1) area are all of the same size as that of the resting platelets and they are assumed not to be activated. Whereas, the platelets in population 2 (P2)…