Adenosine receptor

One of the benefits is it can improves our performance in an exercise. It can help us in increasing our endurance, delay fatigue and of course improve our respiratory efficiency. This happens because the caffeine has an effect towards human’s adenosine receptors in the central nervous system, which function’s to regulate…

Micro-fracture consolidation can be treated with bone remodeling, and the adaptation of skeleton is applied to “calcium homeostasis” and to mechanical use. The bone remodeling involves the bone resorption regarding to osteoclasts and bone formation relating to osteoblasts. Regular bone-related diseases including “bone-metastasized cancers”, Paget’s disease, multiple myeloma, and osteoporosis are caused by the disproportion between the resorption and formation processes. The increased…

Homeostasis - Blood Glucose Regulation Homeostasis refers to the (relatively) constant physiological state of the body despite fluctuations in the external environment. Homeostasis maintains a relatively constant physiological state by keeping functions such as temperature, blood pressure, pH levels, glucose concentration and many more of the body’s systems at safe levels. For example if a person has low or high blood sugar (hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia) their internal state is in danger…

68.9% of high school scholars do not get the recommended amount of sleep on an average school night. High school students remain exhausted because of waking up every weekday at 5am, just to go to school. Student’s can’t concentrate and manage a healthy lifestyle to obtain an education if the scholar is half awake. The constant need for electronic devices to be used is one reason for the lack of sleep in teenagers. Personally you can witness when students come into class to put their head down…

Methotrexate is a drug used to treat cancer, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and to induce miscarriage in women who have had ectopic pregnancies. Question 1: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a certain type of drug after administration through absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion while travelling throughout the body. Absorption Absorption is defined as the movement of a drug through the bloodstream. Absorption of a drug is affected by the solubility of the…

Anatomy of cerebral cortex: Brain is most complex organ in human body. The ability of brain for its functioning normally is manifestation of various activities it takes participation in various activities of day to day life, being it hidden from the view or perceptible, like walking, smelling, thinking, laughing, speaking, and hearing. These manifestations are results of very coordinated and complex electrical and chemical activity within and between the cells those makes up our brain. Abnormal…

a chain reaction, in the form of an ischaemic cascade. This begins seconds after the onset of ischaemia. The ischaemic cascade is a biological reaction, it starts when there is a lack of oxygen and glucose this prevents the cells from creating adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP); this is the energy supply for cells. The organelle mitochondria, produces ATP, which regulates the chemicals within the cell,…

The proximate composition of purple soymilk (Table 1) is not much different from that of yellow soymilk. Purple soymilk has protein, ash, fat, carbohydrate and moisture content 2.76 ± 0.13, 0.12 ± 0.08, 1.17 ± 0.06, 1.27 ± 0.10, and 94.69 ± 0.04% respectively, while yellow soymilk from Tunde-Akintunde and Souley [35] has a protein content of 2.23-3.05%, ash content of 0.24-0.32%, fat content of 1.60-1.94%, carbohydrate content of 1.99-2.78% and moisture content of 92.02-93.29%. Black soybean…

extremely high doses of caffeine can be considered a drug, but the normal daily intake of the drug which is obtained through drinks and some food items such as coffee and candy bars can trigger a dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex and blocks adenosine receptors (Chawla, 2015). This then directly affects the central…

Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provide significant amounts of chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Coffee contains over a thousand different chemicals, including carbohydrates and vitamins. “Caffeine is naturally found in coffee beans, cacao beans, kola nuts, guarana berries, and tea leaves”, (Heckman, et al R77-87). A drug referred to as caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and causes increased alertness. These are all products that are used in common beverages that people…