Acetylcholine

ratio of using cholinesterase inhibitors for concomitant Alzheimer’s disease. In the lungs, acetylcholine is involved in the regulation of bronchoconstriction, mucous production and inflammation.1 Hence, the use of anticholinergics in COPD enhances lung function by decreasing mucous production and inflammation. However, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain is known to be beneficial, which contradicts the therapy used in patients with…

relays this command to your CNS, which translates it into electrical impulses. These are then channeled through the somatic part of your PNS to the nerves responsible for controlling the necessary muscles. When the messages arrive, a chemical (acetylcholine) is released from the nerve endings, stimulating the membranes of muscle fibers and causing them to contract. This takes about 1 millisecond to happen. Normally, your conscious mind is unable to speed up or slow down your heart…

We all take advantage of sleep and think of it, at times, as a luxury more than a physiological and psychological necessity. Edwards, O’Dreiscoll, et al, in their paper over Aging and Sleep: Physiology and Pathophysiology, simply defined sleep as a natural state characterized by a reduction in voluntary motor activity (skeletal muscle movement) but not involuntary activity (heart, lungs, organs, etc.), and a decreased response to stimulation and stereotypic posture that is both reversible and…

Question 3: Chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons are capable of generating large-scale effects and are intended to cause serious injury or death. The indiscriminate nature of these weapons is distinctly different than conventional weapons so that there is an inherent threat to civilian populations. Whereas a soldier targets an individual in the crosshairs of his gun, once a chemical, biological, or nuclear weapon is released there is a greater level of separation between the user and the…

Gabriela Medina Psychology 2301 Chapter 2 This is an important chapter with a lot of vital information about the nervous system, the neurons, the brain, the endocrine system, and genetics and behavior. The nervous system helps the body carry vital information from and to the brain. The brain can adapt to certain environments and can change depending on the environment that you are in and your way of thinking. It can spread information with the help of neurons, who pass…

Content Question 1- I would explain Alzheimer’s disease as a progressive and degenerative disorder of the brain. The most common theory is that it is a neurologic disorder of the brain, when acetylcholine levels are low. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s progress slow and generally worsen over time. The early symptoms that may suggest Alzheimer’s disease are confusion, chronic memory loss, and changes in mood. Over time the person will have loss of memory, cognitive function, and ability to perform…

neurotransmitter that will be released is acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that excites skeletal muscles and provides movement (Pastorino and Doyle-Portillio, 2015). The process of neuron transferring the impulse is a continuous…

1. The pinna or auricle directs sound waves into the auditory canal. The eardrum vibrates according to frequency. Vibration transmitted to malleus then incus and then stapes of the middle ear. When the stapes vibrate, the membrane of the oval window is pushed in and out. This created the fluid pressure in the perilymph. Pressure waves enter the Scala vestibule then Scala tympani and then round window. This is where the walls become deformed in Scala vestibule and Scala tympani. Pressure…

Mojave Toxin in the Mojave Rattlesnake Neurotoxins are an often studied, naturally occurring set of chemicals with vast potential toward a variety of applications. These toxins are produced by countless different species of animals: amphibians, insects, arachnids, and even birds, just to name a few. Neurotoxins, a specific class of toxins, act by impairing or artificially enhancing neurotransmission at the pre-synaptic or post-synaptic level (Camp & Gilbert, 2014, para. 1-5). Neurotoxins…

Dementia has been an issue well-known all around the world. It affects many parts of the world in aspects of economy, families, and the victim themselves. The official definition of dementia is, a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning. Dementia can be caused by many things, head injuries, strokes, and brain infections. Anyone can get dementia, for example, a…