Vasoconstriction

Heart failure results in low cardiac output and inadequate filling of the arteries which causes the heart to be unable to pump enough blood to meet with tissue demand of oxygen and nutrients. Consequently, the neurohormonal system activates several feedback mechanisms. The baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus that normally inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity are blunted in the patient who is experiencing heart failure. This results in high levels of circulating…

Day 1 Summary: John is a 62-year-old male smoker who has presented with concerning a BMI and blood test results. Q1. John’s low density glycoprotein levels are higher than the target level (actual level 5.6, target 1.0). Long term decreased high density glycoprotein level leads to a build-up of cholesterol in the body. Additionally, John’s triglyceride levels are above the recommended target level (actual level 5.7, target level <4.0). This supports the other data gathered, suggesting that…

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a common and potentially life threatening condition arising from a variety of pathological conditions including traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracranial hemorrhage, disturbance of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) circulation and brain tumors. Although ventriculostomy continues to be the gold standard modality, the potential risks of misplacement, infection, hemorrhage and obstruction have led to development and implementation of alternative intracranial…

her finger, as a result of slicing it with a kitchen knife, her body will react quickly by following all three stages of haemostasis. We can assume this as a result of the bleeding taking a while to stop. The primary stage of healing is called vasoconstriction. This is an immediate reflex of the smooth muscle (tunica media) in the vessel contracting, reducing the diameter of the lumen and therefore diminishing blood loss through Rosemary’s damaged endothelium cells (MediceneNet, 2012). The site…

In the process of an exacerbation of COPD, the airways become more inflamed causing vasoconstriction, mucous is more heavily produced, and small airways are not exchanging oxygen at baseline function for the patient. This takes the patient into a worsening condition of COPD that drops oxygen levels down, causing a build-up of carbon dioxide in her blood, the pH to drop from the acidity, and possibly bicarb to be not excreted by the kidneys in response. This causes a condition of respiratory…

ischaemia, which is the narrowing or temporal blockage of arteries that deprives the hearth from getting the bood rich in oxygen, has been linked to energy drink consumptions (Debopam, 2015). Indeed, this condition called the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is mainly caused by vasoactive agents, such as caffeine, which are “drugs that modulate dopamine or serotonin system” (Debopam, p.186, 2015). The main symptom of RCVS are severe thunderclap headaches, which is a type…

The integumentary system is comprised of the skin’s two layers, the dermis and epidermis, as well as hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Underlying the skin is the subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, this layer is not a part of the integumentary system but is vital to its function. Made up of a layer of loose connective tissue the hypodermis serves to connect the skin to underlying muscle and bone (142). The hypodermis also assists the overlying skin by supplying it with blood vessels and nerves…

Hypertension (primary/essential) is one of the most common diseases diagnosed today. Hypertension is a major risk factor in cardiac heart disease, including myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Hypertension is also an independent risk factor for the development of stroke and renal failure. A person with hypertension has double the risk of developing cardiac heart disease than those who have normal blood pressures. What is primary/essential hypertension? It is a systolic blood…

out from anywhere in the body, due to any reason . Hemostasis: Prevention of blood loss after injury. Pathophysiology of hemostasis accrue by 3 main phases Vascular phase : which is the primary hemostasis by vasoconstriction of the arteries and vein injured. Platelet Phase: aggregation and stabilization of a hemostatic platelet on the site of injury. Coagulation phase (secondary hemostasis): Activation of Coagulation factors within…

Lisinopril Overview. Lisinopril is categorized as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Lisinopril is most commonly utilized as an antihypertensive or in the treatment of congestive heart failure. This medication also has off-label use in the prophylactic treatment of migraines (Schuh‐Hofer et al., 2007, p. 703). Lisinopril is available as an oral tablet and its bioavailability is approximately 25%. Peak antihypertensive effects of lisinopril are reached at approximately six hours…