Butanol

Intriguingly, as the conducted experiments disclose, isobutanol possesses an experimental boiling point approximately 23℃ higher than that of tert-butanol. Additionally, the boiling point of isobutanol appears to be 9℃ higher than that of sec-butanol. The latter had been a surprising, perhaps anomalous result indeed, since sec-butanol maintains a longer straight-chain skeleton of carbon atoms (four, to be precise) than either of the former two alcohols, whom possess a maximum straight-chain length of three…

N-Butyl is also known as n-Butanol, or Butanol, it is a primary alcohol with a 4-carbon structure and the chemical formula C4H9OH. (N-Butanol, 2017) “N-Butanol occurs naturally as a minor product of the fermentation of sugars and other carbohydrates, and is present in many foods and beverages. (N-Butanol, 2017)” It has a boiling point of 117 degrees Celsius, a density of 0.81 g/cm3, soluble in ethanol and water. The odor can be alcoholic and harsh. (N-Butanol, 2017) Compared to my calculation…

The goal of this lab was to conduct the reaction of 2-methyl-2-butanol with HCl to form 2-chloro-2-methylbutane, and to understand Sn1 and Sn2 reactions, in terms of how they are different and why one is more likely to happen over the other. The OH group in 2-methl-2-butanol is attached to a tertiary Carbon, meaning the reaction should occur via Sn1, a two-step reaction, and Cl should replace the OH group, to form a tertiary halide. HCl was added to 2-methyl-2-butanol and then several…

Cohesion is the attraction of molecules within the same phase while adhesion refers to the attraction of molecules of different phases; say the n-butanol solution and the walls of the capillary tube. If the adhesion force is stronger than the cohesion force, the walls of the capillary tube will be wet, which in turn attracts molecules from the bulk of the solution upward until the pressure exerted from outside (environment) of the capillary tube is equal to the forces that lifts the solution…

and n-butanol to 98% purity of each component. Our feed was assigned entrance specifications of 50 kmol/hr, 25˚C, and 1 atm. ChemCAD simulations allowed us to analyze the different methods of distillation in order to create an optimal process. It was left up to us to decide how many columns to use, the topology of these columns, number of trays, feed stream location, and many other variables that are used in the design of distillation processes. For the first column in each process, we were…

look similar to the standard retention times of cyclohexanol and heptanal. The first peak has the largest area; 5193372, it is about a half of the total area, and the fourth peak is the smallest area, 1283. From 5 and 8 peaks, they are merged together rather than a straight line for each peak, so the area near those peaks is broad. Based on the data of peak area, the first peak, from the solvent, relatively has the largest amounts of compounds in the mixture. -Alcohol mixture- The first…

fluorine atom of another molecule.Therefore this essay aims at exploring the relationships between the literature boiling points of four organic compounds (1-Pentanol, 3-Methyl-1-Butanol, 2-Hexanone, and 2-Pentanone) using the background theory of the various factors that affect the intermolecular forces within molecules of varying boiling…

They were mixed together and the one drop of Chromic anhydride reagent was added. Changes were then observed. The same steps were followed using butanol, secondary butanol and tertiary butanol. TOLLEN’S REAGANT All samples of carbonyl compounds were used together with the unknowns. One drop of carbonyl compound was added each to a 1ml of Tollen’s reagent, which was already made, in a test tube. The tubes were shaken to mix the solution and timed for 10 minutes while being observed for any…

Salmonella infection in food is the one of the major causes of foodborne illnesses including fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Thus, early detection of Salmonella contamination is important for our healthy life. Conventional detection methods for the food contamination have limitations in sensitivity and rapidity, thus the early phase detection has been difficult. Herein, we developed a bioelectronic nose using a carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistor (FET) functionalized with…

Calculating the Enthalpy Change of Combustion of Five Different Alcohol Fuels Including Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol and Pentanol by Heating and Measuring the Change in Temperature of Water using a Temperature Probe Introduction: The enthalpy change of combustion can be calculated using the formula △H = MC△T, where △H is the enthalpy change in kJ mol-1, M is the mass in kilograms, C is the specific heat capacity in kilojoules, and △T is the temperature change in kelvins. In this…