Vasoconstriction

but heart rate will change markedly, up to three times the resting rate. O Dynamic exercise causes other cardiovascular responses in addition to increased stroke volume and heart rate. For example, exercise will result in a general, sympathetic vasoconstriction of arterioles with local overrides of endocrine vasodilation. Exercise also influences pulmonary physiology. The increased demand for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion results in an increase in pulmonary airflow and pulmonary…

Furthermore, the more we exercise changes would occur in our cardiovascular system. When performing exercise, your muscles would need sufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients so that you can perform well. Also, the carbon dioxide produced should be released from the body. It is the main role of the heart to pump harder and faster when exercising so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released as a by-product. There are many acute changes that occur in this system before, during and…

Table 1 reveals the varying resting blood pressures of volunteers 1 and 2 when using a stethoscope and how volunteer 1’s blood pressure varies when using a cardiomicrophone. This is a significant difference between volunteers 1 and 2 and a small difference when using a stethoscope versus cardiomicrophone. Table 2 reveals how blood pressure is affected when the arm is positioned differently; blood pressure is highest when relaxed and fully extended and lowest when arm is held above subject’s…

Their release by the pheochromocytoma travels to adrenergic α1 recepters in the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls causing vasoconstriction. Additionally, they also travel to β1 recepters in the heart causing increased cardiac contractility and increased heart rate. These factors collectively cause spikes in blood pressure. This resultant hypertension has the potential to be…

Describe the pathophysiology of left-sided heart failure. The left side of the heart supplies oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation. When there is a left-sided heart failure, the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs for oxygenated blood. There is also increased pressure in the atrium which in turn also causes elevated pressure in the lungs that results in pulmonary congestion and edema. Episodes of pulmonary edema usually occur at night. 2. Which of the clinical…

Benzoylmethylecgonine is an organic compound found in the leaves of Coca plants. This organic molecule is also called methyl(1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate using the systemic IUPAC system. It has a chemical formula of C17H21NO4 and has a molecular weight of 303.353 g/mol. It is commonly known as Cocaine or Coke. Discovery of Cocaine When the Spanish arrived in South America, they discovered that coca leafs that the aboriginals chewed on gave them…

Compare and contrast Structure: The main objective of the cardiovascular system is to transport materials around the body with blood serving as its transport medium. Blood is contained and transported in hollow tubes known as blood vessels. The body has three main types: Arteries, capillaries and Veins. All arteries (with the exception of pulmonary and umbilical arteries) transport Oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They branch off into smaller structures named…

Here I hypothesize that trauma is an example for a robustness failure in a biological system. Robustness, can be defined most generally as a property that allows a system to maintain its functions against internal and external perturbations [1]. The body uses feedback systems to achieve robust, dynamic response in the presence of trauma. For instance, when a patient bleeds severely, they experience hypovolemic shock. The loss of blood prevents adequate oxygenated blood from reaching vital organs…

Menorrhagia: A Cause of Iron Deficiency Anemia Ms. A., a 26-year-old Caucasian female, presents to the emergency clinic with complaints of feeling light-headed while playing in a golf tournament on a mountainous course. She also reports having increased shortness of breath and decreased energy as well as low enthusiasm. Ms. A. reports a history of menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal for the last 10-12 years and for 6 days during her menstrual cycle she takes 1gm of aspirin every 3 to 4 hours. She…

Nursing interventions for Mrs. J at the time of the admission The interventions for Mrs. J are starting of oxygen through nasal cannula because her O2 saturation is 82% and heart rate of 118/min to help in decreasing workload of the heart. She should be closely monitored and as mentioned in scenario patient is admitted to Telemetry unit because she need immediate and close monitoring. Stat EKG and EBGs should be done to find out baseline. Vital sign should be monitored closely including…