Vagus nerve stimulation

The cerebellum, on the other hand, is involved in controlling movements through coordination, precision, and accurate timing of movement. Unlike the basal ganglia, it does not directly initiate or suppress movement but works by influencing movements by modifying activity patterns of the upper motor neurons. The cerebellum receives its input from the spinal cord in form of mossy fibers that project from the pons and spinocerebellar pathways. Mossy fibers contribute the information necessary for…

resistance and the raise of the blood volume, therefore the blood pressure too.Angiotensin II also stimulates the production of aldestorne by the adrenal cortex.Aldosterone provoke kidneys to reabsorp more sodium ions and water. Due to the sympathetic stimulation,the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine,which raise the heart rate and respectively,the cardiac…

past two decades observing how probiotics, antibiotics, and gastrointestinal infections alter the gut mobility and the composition of the gut microbiota and suggesting that the gut-brain-microbiota axis has more routes of communication than the vagus nerve (Gaykema et al., 2004; Bercik et al., 2010; Bravo et al., 2011; Cryan and O’Mahony, 2011). In addition to emerging studies, further research needs to be conducted looking at acute stress and the role in plays in gastric motor function (Taché…

Early reports on epilepsy go back to ancient Assyrian and Babylonian texts. It has a fascinating history that scans a period of almost 4000 years. At that time the Babylonians had no concept of pathology, thus epilepsy and the seizures that are often times associated with it were treated as spiritual and not medical. It wasn't until the 18th and 19th century, when medicine made important advances, that religious superstition emancipated the fact that epilepsy was a medical condition. The word…

as a research volunteer at Texas Biomedical Device Center Neuroscience Cortical Plasticity Lab. We have developed a therapy to help brain injury patients fully reengage in life. For the past several years, we have performed research on how vagus nerve stimulation helps patients recover from disorders such as tinnitus and chronic pain, stroke, traumatic brain injury, autism, and schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. During this time, I learned various research skills such as handling laboratory…

2009). Concept 9: Cranial Nerves : This concept taken from the Public Health Nursing Block 5, module 08 entitled as “Assessment of Central Nervous System Examination”. Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain it directly incudes in the part brainstem. Cranial nerves exchange information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck. The cranial nerve emerges from the central nervous system. Each cranial nerves having pairs…

hormone also increases the production with the active form of vitamin D through the kidneys. The calcitriol is located within the kidneys; this is where calcium absorption and phosphate reabsorption is amplified. Calcitriol is activated by the stimulation action of osteoblast that allows the amount of bone building to take place. Lastly, the hormone calcitonin opposes the function of the parathyroid hormone, however has a small part in the growth and remodeling of bone. It acts as an inhibitor…

A 4-year-old developmentally delayed boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because he has had gross hematuria for 2 days. The patient has a past history of seizures of unknown origin. His family is indigent and they have been unable to get regular care and checkups. Initial examination reveals an uncomfortable, skinny boy. Vital signs are: temperature 37.5ºC (99.5ºF), heart rate 110 beats/min, blood pressure 90/40 mmHg, respiratory rate 20 breaths/min, pulse oximetry 99% on…

extend between the medulla and the heart joining the SA and AV nodes. Some sympathetic fibers terminate in the myocardium of the ventricles. The sympathetic nerves transmit their message to the muscle cells of the heart and arteries by the release of norepinephrine (NE), which increases both the heart rate and stroke volume. Sympathetic stimulation increases BP. (Winberg, 2014). 1.1.2 Parasympathetic nervous system - Parasympathetic fibers Heart activity may be altered by the cardiac center in…

Parkinson’s is the second leading disorder affecting older adults; Alzheimer’s being the first. This disease is characterized by motor irregularities that include tremors, slowness, and rigidness. There are not only motor symptoms associated with the disease; there are also non-motor symptoms that include difficulties in the area of cognition, emotions, and sleeping (Eccles, Murray, and Simpson, 2011). Unfortunately, this disease is also a progressive disorder, meaning that as time goes on the…