Vagus nerve stimulation

consciousness, movement or actions may be alters for a short time, also called a seizure (NICHCY, 2010). A seizure occurs when an abnormal amount of electrical discharge happen in a group of neurons in the brain (Wilner, 2008). Every now and then nerve cells in the brain send out excessive electrical pulses – a sort of electrical storm in the brain. These disturbances cause the seizures in people that have epilepsy (Wyllie, 2010). Prevalence Epilepsy affects people in all nations and of all…

Blood pressure is the pressure applied by blood on the walls of blood vessels, it is controlled by a negative feedback system where heart rate and blood volume need to be altered in order to control the pressure. Local negative feedback systems and heart rate is regulated but the cardiovascular centre which also in turn controls neural and hormonal mechanisms. Neurons regulate heart rate and contractility and some neurons inhibit, stimulate or control heart rate by causing constriction which…

Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain becomes disrupted, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations and sometimes loss of consciousness (Mayo Clinic, p.1). People with epilepsy seizure symptoms can vary. Some people simply stare blankly for a few seconds while a seizure occurs, while others repeatedly twitch their arms or legs. About 1 in 26 people in the United States will develop a seizure disorder. Nearly 10 percent of…

Summary of Epilepsy Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain which leads to episodes of seizures due to malfunctioning of some brain nerve cells. It is not infectious thus cannot be passed to people near an epileptic person. The main characteristic is the involuntary movement of the whole body or some body parts. The affected person experiences episodes of unconsciousness accompanied by the uncontrollable opening of bowel or bladder muscles. This condition can be mild to severe especially and is very…

Atropine as an inhibitory effect on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine’s action on the cardiac muscle. Atropine release in the body is stimulated by a low heart rate resulting from vagal stimulation and thus functions to increase the heart rate. For this reason, atropine is said to be sympathomimetic in its action (Burggren & Doyle, 1986). These findings are synonymous with the results obtained in the second recording (figure 6) where a combination…

1. A salivary gland is stimulated by its parasympathetic nerve. a) Describe the organization of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that largely acts involuntarily. It consists of nerves in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine and endocrine glands. The main visceral activities are temperature regulation, digestion, blood pressure and genitourinary function. The second main division of the…

• Diverse types of mental stimulation make people who suffer Alzheimer’s to feel more engages with life since these stimulations foster their thinking capacities and mitigate any chances of memory lapses (Gonsalvez et al., 2016). When incorporated in the fMRI scans processes, mental stimulation, which involves processes that are desired to bring pleasure to those people who are prone to the disease, effectively…

the case study is to determine which of the patient’s cranial nerve(s) are damaged. The human brain and brain stem contain eleven pairs of cranial nerves to the neck and head, and one pair of cranial nerves to the abdomen and thorax. Each cranial nerve is numbered by a Roman numeral and in sequential order from cranial to caudal: (I) olfactory nerve carries sensory information to the brain and is responsible for the nose; (II) optic nerve carries sensory information to the brain and is…

A good nights sleep is vital to a healthy lifestyle, however interruptions throughout the night can cause serious consequences to mental and physical health. Homeostasis is defined as maintaining a relatively constant internal environment. Multiple functions to maintain homeostasis of the human body are carried out through the recommend ninterrupted eight hours of sleep for an adult. One of the functions is a reduction of blood pressure[1]. However there is common sleep disorder which…

Pilocarpine, Atropine Sulfate, Epinephrine, Digitals, Potassium, Sodium, and calcium ion concertation. Pilocarpine stimulates the effect of parasympathetic nerve stimulation by enhancing acetylcholine release. Atropine Sulfate is a drug that blocks the effect of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine which is liberated by the parasympathetic nerve endings. Cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle are both different in functionally and in fine structure. Epinephrine is the fight or flight neurotransmitter…