User Datagram Protocol

In the paper, [1], the author introduced two kinds of topology attacks focus on the architecture of SDN and emphasized the weakness of the host tracking service and the link discovery service. And then, the paper provides the security extension, called Topoguard, for the Floodlight v0.9 controller. A. Two topology attacks The first attack as we mentioned, Host Location Hijacking Attack, is to send a fake request that the target host migrates to a new location trying to intercept packets and…

In 1992, Tanzania had its first national energy policy and the latest national energy policy was published in 2003. The national policy 2003 mainly focused on the national energy needs in Tanzania, and in the policy, to develop domestic cost effective energy resources, to improve energy reliability, efficiency and security, and to reduce deforestation were also highlighted as the subsidiary objectives. 2003 national energy policy put climate change concept in its content, and it is the first…

A 1:8 splitting ratio will have : a. Number of users: 8 b. Power: 12.50 c. Insertion Loss : -9 Activity 3 To analyze the OLT Unit we were supposed to use putty.exe for the serial console using Telnet as a protocol and U2000 Client as a graphical user interface (GUI). 1. To go to the user mode first we need to login as the following step : • Username: user04 • Password: user1234 • The User Mode • To enter the privilege mode from user mode type "enable" • The step to get the global…

ACK, but the delayed ACK won't be sent because the server still doesn't have all the data it needs. This can cause a slowdown if the buffer sze is 100,000 bytes (Cheshire, 2005). 5.Why does UDP exist? Would it not have been enough to just let user processess send raw IP packets? We could use IP to send information between hosts, but we would have no way of knowing which application it needs to go to since information about port numbers is isn't known by IP, but it is by UDP. So UDP allows…

The SIP protocol requires the packets to be received in a timely manner. If the routers are routing packets and taking longer than normal it could completely drop the call as the protocol has timed out. This is also the same issue whit malfunctioning SIP protocol timers. The timers are in place to end calls if the connection has been disrupted before the end of call packet has been sent…

Answer 3:- A:- When it is very expensive and slow to access the external network then we use Forwarding name server . What is does keep the records of frequently visited sites in local DNS cache. This improves the efficiency . B:- Round Robin mechanism is used for load balancing . DNS hold maximum record of entry. In round and robin mechanism it allocate IP address to the requested client as per the availability and making the server highly available . Answer 4:- "in.addr-arpa" is used to…

¥ 1. An IP address is an identifier for devices on a TCP/IP network. Usually, an IP address could be assigned using a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can go from being zero to 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address. Although IP address can be static or dynamic. A static IP address stays the same and it is a permanent Internet address. On the other hand, a dynamic IP address is a temporary address that is assigned each time a…

In order to create useable and target group oriented user interfaces, it is of utmost importance to evaluate design decisions. Interactive prototyping tools are a way to evaluate the interaction between different views of a user interface. Such tools are available for all platforms and with different feature sets. In the following, we discuss two of them: Balsamiq Mockups (or Balsamiq for short) and POP. While Balsamiq is available for desktop computers (with a desktop-optimised web version…

The Internet functions as the __________, and the Web (WWW) is __________ that runs on the Internet. a) transport mechanism; an application b) information architecture; a browser c); protocol; a search engine d) hardware; software 39. Which of the following is not a characteristic of intranets? a) Portals (gateways) that provide easy and inexpensive browsing and search capabilities. b) Company-owned networks that use IP technology to securely share part of a business’s information or…

company's direct emissions. Direct GHG emissions occurring from sources that are owned or controlled by the company (ie, sources within the organisational boundary). For example, emissions from combustion of fuel in owned or controlled vehicles. The GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-1 require Scope 1 emissions to be reported. Options for calculating scope 1 emissions include: i. Method 1 – using default emissions factors derived from the latest version of the National Greenhouse Account Factors;…