T cell

“Human cloning is coming,” as Mike Pence once said. Cloning is a technological advancement that is making its way toward our era. It has already been established in 1997 through Dolly the sheep, the first cloned living organism by taking a cell and infusing it with electricity to create an exact replica. After this significant scientific breakthrough, the big question asked now is how much farther can we take cloning to another matter like even human cloning? Human cloning is one majorily entire…

deliver the DNA, were developed including viruses, plasmids, and minicircle DNA. These vectors are engineered to contain the therapeutic genes. Viral vectors hold the advantage of a higher transfection profile as well as the ability to target certain cells. However, viral vectors are limited by the amount of genes they can carry, in vivo immune response, and safety concerns. Most gene therapy cases have employed viral vectors despite their drawbacks. On the other hand, plasmids can carry larger…

Variations in populations and evolutionary advantages have always ensured the survival and diversity of a species. That being the case, species need those variations and advantages to continue developing. The genetic similarity that engineering would bring would lead to an uninteresting society populated by people with little uniqueness left to them. More frighteningly, it could even lead to the extinction of the human race. Without looking at the potentially catastrophic outcomes, some cite…

named Frederick Griffith discovered that previously harmless bacteria could change their own nature and become capable of causing disease (Black, 2012) What exactly then is a bacteria? Is a microscopic living one cell organism, consisting of a cytoplasm enclosed in a cell membrane and cell wall, the DNA contains DNA, in their chromosome, yes bacteria only have one chromosome with smaller DNA elements known as plasmids; they also contains ribosomes in the cytoplasm which main responsibility is to…

emphasis on how a cell function, how there is a selective permeability in which a cell’s nucleus chooses what to let into its own mechanism and what to kick out of its system and how “messages to awaken these genes are transmitted by the surrounding cytoplasm, message from other cells, or from outside substances” (Griffin 380). In other words, Susan begins indirectly ask a rhetorical question: Are humans similar to cells in the animals and plants? Do they choose what goes into their own “cell”…

All symptomatic males tested had a forty-seventh chromosome in their cells. Though this may seem like a minimal change beyond the norm, these are the instructions for how the body should develop and if anything is thrown off balance it could result in extreme anomalies. During a process called meiosis, a type of cell division, a sperm or egg may experience a critical error called nondisjunction where the sex chromosomes do not split correctly…

(alkyl-PACs) to elucidate the mechanism of neurotoxicity using human neuroblastoma cells. The lethal concentrations (LC10 & LC20) were found at around 10 µM and 40 µM after 24 hours exposer to SK-N-SH cells. Exposed differentiated neuronal cells showed significant dose-dependent increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), even at with sub-lethal concentration (DBT, and…

Name and discuss six functions of the integumentary system. * Protection- chemical (low pH secretions & bacterial activity), physical/mechanical (keratin &glycolipids block most water & water soluble substances), biological barriers (dendritic cells, macrophages & DNA). * Body temperature regulation- helps keep body temperature at a normal level. * Cutaneous sensations- sense touch, pain, and temperature. * Metabolic functions- synthesis of Vitamin D, chemical conversion of…

P5 List of all cell features and functions: • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Cell membrane • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • Cell wall (Plant Cell) • Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough) • Lysosome • Golgi Apparatus/body • Nucleolus • Vesicles A nucleus is like the brain of the cell, it is a large oval which controls the activities of the cell and the nucleus also contains genetic material (DNA). The nucleus also contains hereditary information. Most chemical processes and reactions, which are…

no unknown contaminants such as bacteria or cells can compromise the procedures of the experiment (examples of such techniques include wearing the proper personal protective equipment, cleaning important surfaces with ethanol, and pipetting liquids in…