Quinolone

the obscure market for heroin continues its expansion across the United States. This affliction in our country has an origin. As a journalist and novelist, Sam Quinones, diligently reveals the inception of heroin in his book titled, “Dreamland”. Quinolones describes America’s opiate epidemic as capitalism. The capitalistic market on illicit opiates have no regulation and thus behaves nefariously and disseminates rampantly throughout underground networks in cities across America. This type of…

World renowned scientist Alexander Fleming said, “It is the lone worker who makes the first advance in a subject, the details may be worked out by a team, but the prime idea is due to enterprise, thought, and perception of an individual” (“Alexander”). Following his own advice, Fleming noticed something inhibiting bacterial growth in his petri dish and extracted the substance. Fleming discovered penicillin, the world’s first antibiotic that would eventually save countless numbers of lives…

Patient Referral Mrs. Glenys Patterson had been referred to an Exercise Physiologist for 4 sessions in her Chronic Disease Management Plan. Mrs. G. Patterson’s GP referrals goals are to reduce BMI to 25 or less, participate in 150min aerobic exercise per week, reduce blood pressure and progression of Osteoarthritis (OA), improve self- esteem and reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Medical Health Conditions Mrs. G. Patterson’s referral indicated diagnoses history of severe morbid obesity BMI…

The data gathered from this experiment showed that chloramphenicol resulted in the largest zones of inhibition when S. epidermidis and S. enteritidis were exposed to it (Tables 1 & 2, Figure 2). Vancomycin caused the second-largest zones of inhibition in S. epidermidis, larger than the zones caused by nalidixic acid, but had no visible effect in S. enteritidis (Figure 2). When S. enteritidis was exposed to nalidixic acid, it created zones of inhibition just slightly smaller than the zones…

penicillins and quinocilins is an increasing problem. Among beta-lactams, the fourth generation cephalosporin and carbapenems are the most attractive options. Aminoglycosides retain good activity but usually have to be couples with another agent. Quinolones are highly active against most strains but emerging resistance is a major concern. Beta-Lactams and Extended Spectrum…

It is important to make an accurate diagnosis in this case as the risk of severe illness and treatment varies between an uncomplicated and a complicated UTI.1 The absent of classical presentation of loin pain and rigors would make acute pyelonephritis very unlikely. She was also haemodynamically stable on examination and showed no signs of urosepsis. Hence, based on this patient’s complaint of dysuria, frequency and suprapubic pain accompanied by urinalysis findings of leucocytes and nitrites;…

cefadroxil, cefalexin); tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline); aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin); macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin); clindamycin; sulfonamides and trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole); quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin); metronidazole and tinidazole. Along with the main types of antibiotics, there are a number of other antibiotics that specialist or hospital doctors may prescribe for more uncommon infections such…

Introduction Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute life-threatening skin diseases characterized by extensive epidermal sloughing at the dermoepidermal junction resulting from keratinocyte apoptosis. 1 Both TEN and SJS are rare, affecting approximately 1 or 2 persons per 1, 000,000 populations annually, and are considered medical emergencies, as they are potentially fatal. 2 The exact molecular pathogenesis of TEN and SJS are not fully understood. TEN…

His current medications include metformin (Glucophage), insulin human regular (HumuLIN R), warfarin (Coumadin), furosemide (Lasix), carvedilol (Coreg), captopril (Capoten), potassium (KDur), thiamine (Thiamilate), multi-vitamin (One-A-Day), trazadone (Desyrel), moxifloxicin (Avelox), amiodarone (Cardarone), and a nitroglycerin patch (Nitro-Dur). The ECG revealed that the distal two thirds of the left ventricle were akinetic, and his cardiac catheterization revealed that he had an 80% occlusion…

1.2.2 Mechanism of antibiotic resistance Bacteria may become resistant to various antimicrobial agents through several mechanisms. Major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria includes : (1) modification in target site so the antibiotic cannot recognise the target; (2) enzyme production that will inactivate or modify the drug before its effect; (3) expelling or extruding the antibiotic outside the cell by one or more efflux pumps so the drug is unable to reach the target site to exert…