Quinolone

Act-Utilitarian doctor: According to the act-utilitarian, the right act is the one that, out of all the actions available, would result in the greatest happiness of the greatest number. If Dr. Stevens follows act-utilitarian ethics, Dr. Stevens would give Mrs. Kelsey the antibiotics to ease her mind. The specific actions that are open to the Dr. Stevens in the case would be to either give Mrs. Kelsey ciprofloxacin, or to not give Mrs. Kelsey ciprofloxacin. The likely near term consequences of giving Mrs. Kelsey the ciprofloxacin would be easing of Mrs. Kelsey’s mind, and would cause her to not buy ciprofloxacin on the internet and risk taking it without any information on it. The likely near term consequences of not giving Mrs. Kelsey the ciprofloxacin would be her buying it online and using it without information or guidance on it and antibiotic resistance being more possible from her use out of fear. The likely long term consequences of giving Mrs. Kelsey the ciprofloxacin could be other people hear about the doctor giving out the antibiotic and also wanting to receive it, a likely long term consequence could be Mrs. Kelsey taking the ciprofloxacin and possibly having medical complications afterwards. Dr. Stevens must take measures to not have adverse effects in the long term if he gives the medicine to Mrs. Kelsey. She must not tell anyone else about receiving the medicine, not take the medicine until she is possibly exposed to the “suspicious white powder,” because of the…

nucleic acid: DNA and RNA are keys to the replication of all living structures, including microorganisms. A few antibiotics agents work by binding to segments required during the process of DNA or RNA synthesis, which causes obstruction of the ordinary cell forms which will eventually trade off bacterial multiplication and survival. Example: Quinolones and Rifampin. Bacterial metabolism: Different antibiotic agents follow up on selected cell forms crucial for the survival of the bacterial…

muropeptides, which are used to crosslink the peptidoglycan. Antibiotics that are β-lactam antibiotics act like the D-Ala-D-Ala site, which then irreversibly inhibit the PBP crosslinking of the peptidoglycan cell wall (Yotsuji et al. 1988). The method of resistance for this antibiotic is unknown. Fluoroqu9inolones (FQ) are another class of antibiotic that C. difficile shows a resistance. Quinolones interact with two targets in the bacterial cell. These are DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. X-ray…

contracted by consuming contaminated food, water, or an infected person. Typhoid Fever is a disease that caught within 2-6 weeks can be up to 30% fatal. Symptoms that occur early in Typhoid Fever are fever, chills, headache, appetite loss, abdominal pain, cough, and constipation. Typhoid Fever affects the bone marrow, liver and eventually the intestinal tract. It affects how the liver produces bile and how the intestines absorb water and nutrients. Common treatments can include injections of…

Ivacaftor, C24H28N203, is a 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide molecule which consists of five main functional groups: a quinolone, an amide, a phenol, and two tert-butyls. Quinolones are regularly found in anti-biotics, amides are seen in the synthesis of nylon, phenol can be retrieved from coal tar, and tert-butyl groups are big hydrophobic groups found in tert-butyl alcohol (the simplest tertiary alcohol); none of these functional groups were invented or developed first by the parent company of the…

Legionnaires’ Disease is a disease caused by Legionella bacteria, and is named after a convention held in Philadelphia in which members of the American Legion attended and contracted the illness. Legionella bacteria are found naturally in fresh bodies of water, and grow in warm water. People can be exposed to the bacteria from not-properly disinfected hot tubs, air-conditioning units in large buildings, fountains, or swimming in warm bodies of water and inhaling small amounts of said water. The…

discover one of the first antibiotics known as penicillin” (BBC News). Penicillin, along with a numerous amount of other antibiotics, works by stopping the cell wall from synthesizing, which ultimately causes the cell to collapse in on itself and die. According to, What is an Antibiotic, “there are three main types of bacteria known as, Beta-Lactam, Macrolides and Quinolones. Each different class fights off bacterial infections in different ways” (University of Utah). From, What is an…

In Selected Patient Populations (886) Patients with renal failure or liver disease As expected from differences in routes of elimination, for patients with poor or no renal function, changes in terminal half-life of elimination were greatest for ofloxacin (increased from 8 to 37 h) and moderate for norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin (increases ranged from 4 to 5 h to 8 to 9 h) (Table 5), while no changes occurred for pefloxacin (506). Clearance by hemodialysis was 14% or less of…

marcescens infections are known to be transmitted through hand-to-hand contact by medical personnel. Solutions used for medical purposes can be contaminated and infect patients 13. Most members of the genus Serratia, including S. marcescens are usually resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxiclav, ampicillin-sulbac- tam, narrow spectrum cephalosporins, cephamycins, cefuroxime, ni- trofurantoin, and colistin14,15. S. marcescens also harbors a chromosomal ampC gene that can extend resistance…

claimed its destroyed their life and reported to their doctors that they were having side effects while taking the medication and the doctors stated that these were common and not life threating ones. I personally have taken this medication, I know everyone’s bodies are most definitely different, however I can saw without going into too much detail the experience with Levaquin was not a fun one and I would state majority if not all of the listed side effects of the drug I experienced and I plan…