Opportunistic infection

Zygomycetes Name of Organism Colony Morphology (Front and Reverse) Microscopic Morphology Type of Infections Caused Pathogenicity Growth Rate Additional Info Rhizopus (Example) Front: fluffy gray-white ‘lid lifter’ Conidiophore with rhizoids at base and sporangium filled with spores at apex Wide, ‘ribbon-like’ hyphae Invasive sinus Progresses rapidly Can be fatal Fast Mucor Front: fluffy, White and gray with age. “ lid lifter” Resemble to Rhizopus in Sporaniphore and sporangium and the differ by rhizoids mucormycosis Very fast Absidia Front: fluffy, at the first white and pale gray with age “Lid lifter” Between the sporangiophores we see the originated Rhizoids Zygomycosis Fast Lichtheimia Front: fluffy, white- gray or…

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia as PJP first came into attention Central and Eastern Europe during WWII as malnourished and premature infants began to suffer from a case of interstitial pneumonia (Bennett and Gilroy, 2016). The disease then came into the forefront in the medical world with the outbreak of malnourishment of Iranian children in the 1950s (Stringer et al, 2002). In 1981, there were 5 reported cases of homosexual men suffering with PJP as well (Bennett and…

aureus is a gram-positive bacterium, which is a facultative anaerobe. It colonizes the skin, nostrils, and/or perineum (Thomer et al., 2015). This bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that causes both short and long term illnesses after it invades the host. Some of these illnesses are bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome, sepsis, and endocarditis (Wang & Muir, 2016). Approximately one-third of the human population is colonized by S. aureus, and another one-third is intermittently colonized with…

Stage three of the disease is when an infected individual begins to exhibit opportunistic infections and CD4 count falls below 500/ ml. The final and heightened stages of HIV infection are often described as full-blown AIDS, wherein the immune system is significantly damaged. The symptoms of this stage include chronic symptoms like rapid weight loss, serious fever (reaching temperature of 100 degrees F), soaking night sweats, chronic diarrhea, vomiting, dry coughs, short breaths, distorted…

aeruginosa is frequently found in the hospital environment and in the normal stool flora, it is difficult to trace the source of infection and/or colonization unless a complete study is undertaken.(Teplitz et al., 1964). The epidemiology of hospital infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by pyocin typing. The typing method, which determined the pyocin activity of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa on 27 indicator strains, was 43.7% reproducible, but elimination of 9 indicator…

There are many factors that have the potential to influence the emergence of new infections. A common factor is the spillover event. In the case of this event a pathogen present in one reservoir population will spread the pathogen to a new host or reservoir. An example of this is animal to human contact. For example, Ebola is thought to have been transmitted to humans by a bat. Meaning that the bat was the first reservoir host and passed it to a human host, a new population. Additionally,…

Introduction 1.1. Serratia Marcescens Serratia marcescens is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-negative anaerobic bacillus, that is a member of the genus Serratia, which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It has become an important opportunistic pathogen associated with a number of life-threatening diseases and nosocomial infections (Hejazi and Falkiner, 1997). S. marcescens is known to have high survival capability under hostile conditions; it is commonly found in a number of disinfectants…

Exam II BIO 235 1.A. Citrobacter diversus is gram negative and is a member of the Enterobacteriacea family. This is a large group which is found in water, soil, decaying matter, and even the large intestines of humans, animals, and insects. This group of bacteria is known for being responsible for hospital acquired infections which have been named nosocomial infections. Oftentimes, they can be opportunistic infections which means they often do not cause infection in immunocompetent…

pertussis gets into the respiratory tract, it attaches itself to the cilia of the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. After doing this, the microbes release toxins that immobilize the cilia of the epithelial cells. One of the more understood pertussis toxins is called the lymphocytosis-promoting factor which is responsible for causing a decrease in the amount of neutrophils to the lungs making them susceptible to other bacterial infetions. It also leads to the inflammation of the…

types of pneumonia and they include: community-acquired, medical care-associated, aspiration, and opportunistic. Community-acquired pneumonia is an acute infection in the lungs that occurs in patients who have not been hospitalized or in a long-term care facility within 14-days since the onset of symptoms (Lewis, 2014). Medical care-associated pneumonia includes hospital acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. All of these elements encompass the…