Pneumocystis pneumonia

Targeting the respiratory tract increases effect in the lungs and decreases effect in the rest of the body which minimizes adverse side effects. In respiratory care, we focus on three main anti-infective agents for aerosolized administration: Pentamidine, Ribavirin, and Tobramycin. Each of these drugs is indicated for a specific disease state that will be discussed in the following paragraphs. Pentamidine Pentamidine isethionate is used in the treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia. Pnuemocystis pneumonia is a respiratory condition that is almost always seen in patients infected with the HIV virus that have developed AIDS but, has also been seen in malnourished infants and premature infants (Rau’s p 221). These patients have a weakened immune system because the HIV virus attacks and dramatically reduces the number of helper T-cells in the host. This reduced immunity makes the patient’s lungs more hospitable to the opportunistic pathogen known as Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci). According to Medscape, Pneumocystis carinii is actually a fungus that exists in several different forms in the body. The end result of infection is inflammation that causes hypoxemia, reduced diffusing capacity, and abnormal lung capacity. Pentamidine (NebuPent) is given prophylactically to individuals with compromised immune function. The most common dose is 300 mg every 4 weeks. The Respiguard II and Aerotech II nebulizers have been verified as effective delivery devices. It is important…

It is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jiroveci. Some of the time to spread around in the air where that person is, but the fungus part most of the time happens.Most people are visible to it at the age of 3 or 4, but Liberace got it in 1986. It can cause a certain type of pneumonia, and it can control the A healthy immune system can easily control it. But it causes a type of pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. This is why it's called an…

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia as PJP first came into attention Central and Eastern Europe during WWII as malnourished and premature infants began to suffer from a case of interstitial pneumonia (Bennett and Gilroy, 2016). The disease then came into the forefront in the medical world with the outbreak of malnourishment of Iranian children in the 1950s (Stringer et al, 2002). In 1981, there were 5 reported cases of homosexual men suffering with PJP as well (Bennett and…

referring to Pneumonia which accounts for 15% of all deaths in children under 5 years old. Pneumonia actually claimed the lives of an estimated 922,000 children in 2015. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lungs which primarily affects the microscopic air sacs known as the alveoli. The condition will inflame the air sacs in the lungs and possibly lead to them being filled with fluid. There are a multiple of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi that can cause pneumonia. The…

Pneumonia is viral, bacterial, and fungal. According to World Health Organization, pneumonia comes in the different forms such as Streptococcus pneumonia, which is a type of bacteria. Another cause of bacterial pneumonia is the Haemophilus an influenza type b (Hib). We have the respiratory syncytial virus type which is the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Then we have pneumonia in infants infected with HIV called Pneumocystis Jiro ve ci. There is various way pneumonia can be spread. It can…

Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by a microorganism. Pneumonia can affect one or both lungs. The infection may be caused by fungi, bacteria, Parasites, viruses and chemicals. Pneumonia produces inflammation in the lung's air sacs, also referred to as alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. Pneumonia often is a complication of another condition, such as the flu. Symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to life threatening…

I. PURPOSE This procedure outlines the administration of aerosolized Pentamidine. II. INDICATION Aerosolized Pentamidine is used prophylactically to reduce the incidence of infection Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) among patients that are immunocompromised. III. CONTRAINDICATION Patients with known allergies to Pentamidine and other ingredients found in the solution. IV. PRECAUTIONS A. Premedication: A bronchodilator, such as Albuterol, must be given 15 minutes prior to…

diagnosed him with pneumonia. He received antibiotics for his condition but Jeffrey is now susceptible to pneumonia. Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs, the air sacs called the alveoli fill up with fluid and becomes inflamed (Mayoclinic, 2015). Pneumonia occurs when the immune system becomes weak from a prior infection or condition. The most common type of pneumonia that people get are caused by different types of germs. The germs that cause pneumonia are bacteria,…

best approach (Bellamy, & Booker, 2011). This will also aid to reduce a lot of her anxiety. Moreover, pharmacotherapy; self-help material; behavioral support; and referral to stop smoking service should be done. Mrs. Jane shall also be explained the significance of pulmonary function tests to examine the expiratory flow and properly stage her illness (Hattab, Alhassan, Balaan, Lega, & Singh, 2016). Her SAO2 is good, so no supplemental oxygen is needed. She will be advised to go for short…

Lung diseases are very prevalent in the United States. According to a study, COPD is diagnosed in almost 24 million individuals in the US and is among the top 4 reasons of death in the country (Rubin, Dhand, Ruppel, Branson, & Hess, 2011). Other prevalent lung illnesses in the United States are asthma, pneumonia, and ARDS, which all correlate with the concept of gas exchange. In each phase in the continuum of healthcare, nurses will be faced with a patient who is diagnosed with a respiratory…