Modus tollens

The reason for epistemologists to believe inductive logic is that this method could provide a reasonable criterion of demarcation of empirical science. (Ladyman 2005) However, a theory is impossible to be verified by experience, or in other words, never empirically verifiable. If we want find a criterion of empirical science, we must admit that statement cannot be justified empirically. In Conjecture and Refutation, Popper(1963) took psychoanalysis as examples to point out the problem of…

In Greek terms, Philo means to love and Sophos means knowledge; Philosophy is the study about loving knowledge. When people think of philosophy, people only think of the idea each person has a personal philosophy such as beliefs in his or her own rights. Philosophy is not a narrow subject, but a broad subject that allows more than just a personal Philosophy that every person knows and has. Philosophy has 3, and to some philosophers, 4 main branches: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Logic.…

Command Theory, don’t recognize that practices are determined by the culture in which they occupy and other factors as well such as geographical location. Divine Command Theory states that ethical truths derive from God. But, an example of a modes tollens argument proves evidence of the fallibility of Divine Command…

the suffering driver is permissible, then in other approximate situations shooting a suffering person is also permissible. If it is the case one of the approximate situations reaches the “limit” and is agreed impermissable, then by logistical modus tollens, the initial shooting of the suffering driver is also impermissable. It is the strongest in his view as there are mentioned minimal flaws such as the location of said limit (boundary) or if the slippery slope is a…

G.E. Moore addresses the idea of philosophical skepticism. His counter argument implements the use of common sense and the idea of a premise that requires no proof as it is "known" to be true. However this means that Moore begs the question when he arrives at his conclusion. Moore explains he can rigorously prove the existence of two hands, by simply holding up his two hands. He mentions that as he makes a certain gesture saying "Here is one hand" (G.E Moore 197) and then by simply mentioning…

Maximizing happiness is not morally wrong. 4. Therefore, purchasing meat from the supermarket and by proxy paying for the torture of farm raised animals is not wrong. My argument is in the form of Modus Tollens and is thus a valid argument. Meaning that it’s logically impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false. The support for my argument is as follows: Premise 1: This is true because the act of providing for your family involves…

Transfer Effects on Familiar Thematic to Unfamiliar Thematic Problem solving can be a complex task especially if the person is unfamiliar with the content. People use problem solving every day and often relate to past experiences in order to help them solve a novice problem According to Glaser (1984) the psychology field is gaining a further understanding of the way people think and they don’t need above intelligence to be able to problem solve. However, at the very least they do need to…

Norcross argued about the moral wrong of factory-farmed meat and that people who support it (including consumers) are also morally wrong. He emphasized that the pain caused to factory-farmed animals grossly outweighs any good outcomes. To prove his arguments, he uses his deductive argument called Marginal case in regards to the moral status of non-human animals against the rationality gambit; which attempts to establish the superior ethical status of humans over animals because humans are…

3B. HEMPEL (20 points): Describe the viewpoint of Hempel regarding the role of induction and deduction in each following: (a) Generating new theories According Hempel’s perspective, the scientific inquiry can divide into two groups. Firstly, it is the empirical sciences which related to the science that tend to explore, describe, explain, predict the occurrence in the world. For the empirical science, it will be accepted whether the researches are supported by empirical evidences from the…

Introduction The problem of evil in religion has been an issue for the followers of religions considering the constant confrontation with evil which bring about human suffering thus this brings about questions as to what constitute the real meaning of life. Religion has it as a duty to answer questions related to the origin of evil and the end of evil. The presence evil has been a great source of suffering to humanity hence it becomes a burden to man. It…