3B. HEMPEL (20 points): Describe the viewpoint of Hempel regarding the role of induction and deduction in each following:
(a) Generating new theories
According Hempel’s perspective, the scientific inquiry can divide into two groups. Firstly, it is the empirical sciences which related to the science that tend to explore, describe, explain, predict the occurrence in the world. For the empirical science, it will be accepted whether the researches are supported by empirical evidences from the standard methods such as experimentation, observation, interview, survey, clinical testing, examination. To generate the hypotheses and theories, inductive approach is used for inventions. The ideal scientific inquiry is consisting of 4 stages as follows: …show more content…
In D-N explanations, it, firstly, is the explanation about the explanandum information that regards to the phenomena. In order to develop the phenomena, it should consider the basic condition, theoretical principles, and the universal laws. The good D-N explanation model is a result of deductive argument. He also suggested that two basic requirements for scientific explanation consisting of explanatory relevance and testability. The requirement of explanatory relevance needs to contain the explanatory information as well as laws for explaining the phenomenon. When we attempt to establish good grounds for believing or expecting, it seems to be that the problems of this requirement increase. To focus in another requirement, testability constitutes the explanatory of science that the empirical testing can be …show more content…
He mentioned the idea that all instructing, and learning grow from experience, not innate. As shown in Diagram 2, the knowledge generation begins with the senses perceptions and observations. When someone tries to observe that the object or event in many times and find some fact, it can be called the particular fact. The particular fact, then, can lead to yield the individual knowledge, but it cannot build up to scientific knowledge. If we have many people try to observe or study the same fact and also discover the similar results, several particular facts could generalize to be the universal principle. Consequently, it can be seen that the most general statements are further from sensory, while the particular principles are closer to
(a) Generating new theories
According Hempel’s perspective, the scientific inquiry can divide into two groups. Firstly, it is the empirical sciences which related to the science that tend to explore, describe, explain, predict the occurrence in the world. For the empirical science, it will be accepted whether the researches are supported by empirical evidences from the standard methods such as experimentation, observation, interview, survey, clinical testing, examination. To generate the hypotheses and theories, inductive approach is used for inventions. The ideal scientific inquiry is consisting of 4 stages as follows: …show more content…
In D-N explanations, it, firstly, is the explanation about the explanandum information that regards to the phenomena. In order to develop the phenomena, it should consider the basic condition, theoretical principles, and the universal laws. The good D-N explanation model is a result of deductive argument. He also suggested that two basic requirements for scientific explanation consisting of explanatory relevance and testability. The requirement of explanatory relevance needs to contain the explanatory information as well as laws for explaining the phenomenon. When we attempt to establish good grounds for believing or expecting, it seems to be that the problems of this requirement increase. To focus in another requirement, testability constitutes the explanatory of science that the empirical testing can be …show more content…
He mentioned the idea that all instructing, and learning grow from experience, not innate. As shown in Diagram 2, the knowledge generation begins with the senses perceptions and observations. When someone tries to observe that the object or event in many times and find some fact, it can be called the particular fact. The particular fact, then, can lead to yield the individual knowledge, but it cannot build up to scientific knowledge. If we have many people try to observe or study the same fact and also discover the similar results, several particular facts could generalize to be the universal principle. Consequently, it can be seen that the most general statements are further from sensory, while the particular principles are closer to