Messenger RNA

Biopharmaceuticals: GMOs and Vaccines Clarifying the definition, history, methods and relevancy of GMOs to our society is of the utmost importance. Genetically modified organisms and their applicability in multiple arenas have been a source for debate around the globe. Many individuals believe GMOs to be unsafe and unethical, while the biotechnology sector sees a profitable life-saving technology. Through the evaluation of scientifically relevant articles regarding genetically modified…

Insulin, one of the most important peptide hormone in the body, which plays significant role in maintaining the blood glucose level in the body. Under certain physiological conditions such as pregnancy, the body mechanism changes due to elevated levels of certain secretory factor like leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α, plasminogen activator and testosterone (McLachlan et al., 2006), which produces certain adverse effects, insulin resistance being the most prominent one, where the…

there are two places of conversion, meaning prion proteins are replicated rapidly; however, they have a long incubation period, so a prion disease can go years before any symptoms occur (CDC, 2015). Prion proteins are believed to originated from a messenger protein, a pathogen that lost its genetic material to the surrounding cell, or from a proteins’ urge to form beta-pleated sheets (Weussmann, 2002). There are many diseases that prions are believed to cause, both in humans and in animals. The…

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body’s own immune system erroneously attacks the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans located in the pancreas that produce insulin, resulting in a high level of glucose in the blood. Insulin is needed to transport blood glucose (sugar) into cells. The sugar is then stored in the cells and used later for energy. “In these duties, insulin acts as a regulator of gene transcription” (Cox, 688). When beta cells produce too little or,…

depolarizing and hyperpolarization triggering an action poten-tial to move through the synapse, open-ing/closing, excitatory/inhibitory, leading to binding on voltage gated receptors, like G-proteins, second messengers and membrane bound effector proteins, coupled with Guano-sine triphosphate- GTP for RNA synthesis. Figure 3, taken from Kanesha Laboratories, illustrates the complex, however incomplete, interactions involved. DMT interaction has been added to show how the reuptake pro-teins…

GV3101, and EHA105.The transgenic plants were then screened via hygromycin B selection. They were then further verified by the polymerase chain reaction analysis of genomic DNA to detect the appearance of the genes AaIT or GNA. Through this method, messenger RNA expression levels of AaIT and GNA were able to be analyzed. These plants were seen to be morphologically different from the wildtype plants. The transformations done on tobacco and rice were completed by co-cultivation. Co-cultivation…

Research Statement Past research accomplishments. Probing the dynamics of neuronal activities is crucial to understand the complex mechanisms of the brain and related diseases. Thus, there are great demands on optogenetic indicators for neuronal activities. However, engineering desired optogenetic indicators is a well-known challenge, probably due to the delicate sensing mechanisms, and the lack of effective high-throughput screen. To tackle this, I developed several novel molecular evolution…

In a cell there are many organelles to help keep the cell functioning. In the cell you could have a cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, flagella, cilia, nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastid, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, and a vesicle. Everyday items can represent many of the organelles. One example of this is by looking at a house. In a house you have a fence. The fence in your…

Animal Experimentation : Is It Wrong To Experiment On Animals? Currently, there is an ongoing battle between animal rights activists and scientific researchers on the topic of animal experimentation. While scientists believe that animal testing is needed for the betterment of life and is fundamental for research advancement, animal rights activists believe that testing on animals is unnecessary and should be replaced by alternatives. A scientific researcher, Gina Solomon, perfectly summed it up…

Introduction Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a fatal disease that is characterized by the appearance of rapid aging in children. HGPS is rare, affecting roughly 1 in 8 million live births. HGPS can be identified by early symptoms that include slow development, limited growth, alopecia, localized scleroderma, and a distinct facial structure which includes a small face, shallow jaw, and pinched nose. As the disease progresses, new symptoms arise, such as hearing and vision loss…