Messenger RNA

It was time to depart. The engines had been warmed up, the supplies were ready and the equipment had been installed and was ready to use. “Five, four, three, two, one, BLAST-Off” chanted Captain Xerox at headquarters, and with that our micro-V96 craft was propelled towards the cell membrane for the first leg of our journey to investigate the process of Protein Synthesis in a eukaryotic animal cell. The cell membrane is a delicate wall of phospholipid molecules, consisting of hydrophilic heads…

is “a living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering.” The most common genetic modifications are when scientists insert a single gene into a plant that changed the coding of it’s RNA; this is the key for the plant to start forming enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis making the plant immune to glyphosate, or active ingredient in most Monsanto pesticides (Chassy 170). In laymans terms, scientists have added a…

Exosomes have several characteristics which make them favorable candidates for epigenetic messengers. These characteristics include their ability to change cell physiology, selectivity, and their ability to have their own contents changed as a result of environmental stressors. It has been shown that embryonic stem cell derived exosomes can reprogram…

These effects of stretching prominently appear to affect stretch tolerance with no changes in the viscoelastic properties of the muscle (Halbertsma & Göeken, 1994) (Magnusson, Simonsen, Aagaard, Sørensen, & Kjaer, 1996). The mechanism for increased performance following chronic stretching is believed to be related to stretch-induced hypertrophy, which is discussed more when examining the adaption mechanisms. Adaptation Mechanisms The adaptation mechanisms of acute and chronic stretching…

The immune system is made up of different parts that are constantly protecting the body from disease-causing microorganisms known as pathogens. By keeping out these infectious pathogens out of the body or destroying the pathogens that do enter the body, the immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that protect the body from infection. The primary immune response is the response that is activated when the body is first exposed to an antigen, resulting in the activation of…

around the neurons. Their two types rough and smooth are two different entities and are separated from each other. Large numbers of ribosomes are bound to the surface of Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Under the prescription for sequence of the steps by RNA released by the nucleus of the cell, Rough endoplasmic reticulum makes large segments of protein molecules. These protein segments are moved down through endoplasmic reticulum for assembling, and when completed, these segments are released into…

hybrid creature like a Sasquatch. Some of the samples indicated a normal human X chromosome, while others failed completely to amplify. When the Y chromosome was amplified across Exons (exons are parts of DNA that are converted into mature messenger RNA) 1, 2, 4/5 and 8, varied results were obtained, with no samples successfully amplifying and sequencing across all five exons (except the human controls). When the nuDNA sequences were compared to Genbank using a BLAST search, none of the…

GENTAMICIN The drug selected for study is Gentamicin. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic composed of a mixture of related Gentamicin components and fractions and is used to treat many types of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative organisms. Isolation and Preliminary studies 2 demonstrated that it is a mixture of basic, water soluble antibiotic containing the aminocyclitol 2-deoxystreptamine and two additional amino sugars. Chromatographic separation of…

The stigma of mental illnesses has been a constant struggle for teenagers with any kind of mental disorder. The average age of onset of mental health disorders is 14 years; anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, depression and eating disorder. Psychosis and substance abuse almost all emerge during adolescence (Paus 6). The way society perceives these mental illnesses has improved because of neuroscience, as it has provided scientific evidence that they aren’t “faking” it. With the improvement of…

Mitosis is a process of cellular division. What happens though when Mitosis (process of cellular division) goes wrong? You can get a disease from Mitosis going wrong, some very bad ones too. A widely known disease caused by cellular division going wrong is Cancer and Tumors. (1)Disrupted passage through mitosis often leads to chromosome missegregation and the production of aneuploidy progeny. Aneuploidy has long been seen as a frequent characteristic of cancer cells. Also Aneuploidy has been…