Messenger RNA

Within the study of microorganisms, two types of cells are observed; eukaryotic cell and the prokaryotic cell. Each of these cell play a different role based on its distinction; in fact, their distinction is the most important distinction among organisms. Carl Woese in the Introduction to the Archaea UCMP website provided research which would divide prokaryotes into the following two groups: archaea and bacteria. Thus, the development of the three domains was created to include archaea,…

composition of the genetic code. He “devised precise and intricate biochemical methods to produce well-defined nucleic acids, long strands of RNA with every nucleotide in exact position. The first one he made was a strand repeating the two nucleotides UCUCUC. This translated into a strand of amino acids, reading serine-leucine-serine-leucine...” (Fredholm, 2004). Synthetic RNA were later used to decipher the rest of the genetic…

They have their nucleic acid which is either DNA or RNA. These viruses each contain their own type of genome and their genetic material can either be double or single standard DNA or RNA. This way each virus has its own genetic makeup, as well as the function. Viruses are not alive for many reasons. Viruses may contain DNA and protein, but they cannot survive on their…

resulting to many deaths. Flavivirus also know as Yellow fever virus is a RNA virus. The enveloped is spherical and about 50 nm in diameter. The surface proteins are composed in an icosahedral-like symmetry (Dao, 2010). Full grown virions contain two virus-encoded membrane proteins (M and E), while immature virions have a membrane protein precursor. The virion RNA is infectious it acts as the genome and viral messenger RNA. The genome transcribe into a polyprotein, then into co-transcribe and…

yard. There is no way you could do or see the speck unless you use a microscope. Occasionally, when you look into the microscope the ribosomes will be clustered together. This is called polysomes because the ribosomes are being held together by messenger…

angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. Even though not much at all is known of the gene expression levels during vascular remodeling, and neovascularization, the discovery and understanding of miRNAs in recent years has made it very evident that these RNA molecules have an important function in the miRNA. MiRNA is also in skin disease, it has involvement in follicle autoimmune, morphogenesis, and chronic inflammatory diseases affecting skin. Important cells are dermal fibroblast. They are involved in…

Ricki Lewis’s The Forever Fix: Gene Therapy and the Boy Who Saved It tells the tale of gene therapy’s rocky road from a wild idea people considered to be a “daydream” to a growing field providing lucky individuals with treatment to prevent their life-shattering genetic diseases. In her novel, Lewis discusses two major biological concepts: mutation and gene expression. To give the reader the molecular basis for genetic disorders, mutation is briefly addressed. Lewis gives two different examples…

known names, one of them being aminocyl tRNA. The major role of this protein is translation during protein synthesis. For a protein to be classified and placed into an amino acid group, its amino acid sequence must be properly translated. Transfer RNA helps translate the protein which helps with genetics. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are the enzymes that are responsible for the specific aminoacylation of tRNA (Yifat, 2013). Let’s take a more in depth look at the function of this protein by…

elegans [54]. However, 3- untranslated region (3-UTR) of target messenger RNAs silences their target genes causing either degradation or inhibition of translation. Its biogenesis involves the transcription of pri-miRNA and this is mediated by a very important polymerase RNA POL-Ⅱ [55] although a small group of microRNA can be transcribed by RNA POL-Ⅲ[56].In nucleus pri-microRNA is processed by RNase Ⅲ enzyme Drosha and the protein Pasha/DGCR8 into pre-miRNAs…

the to grow and reproduce. Mitosis is the division of body cells and meiosis is the division of sex cells. The replication of DNA aids in the process of cell division. Protein synthesis is the translation of DNA to proteins using the three types of RNA. Genetic information is passed through generations because of inheritance. The different types of inheritance allow the creation of many different phenotypes and genotypes. Humans impacts the environment because the large amounts of greenhouse…