Membrane potential

There are two major classifications of living things, plants and animals, and all species that are under these two kingdoms are required to have proper functions of their body processes to survive. The most important in all of the body processes is the transport system, it is the one that is responsible for well being of all other body systems to function smoothly and properly by supplying nutrients for it to live.These organisms need to have the ability to transport particles such as molecules…

pressure through a semi-permeable membrane. To understand the purpose and the process of Reverse Osmosis, should understand the natural Osmosis operation. Natural Osmosis: The phenomenon of osmosis occurs when pure water flows from a dilute saline solution through a membrane into a higher concentrated saline solution. (Example of osmosis is our kidneys absorb water from our blood). Figure (A): Natural osmosis operation principle. (Zahid amjad) A semi-permeable membrane is placed between two…

can be obtained through the stability of emulsion liquid membrane for Ni(II) extraction. Span 80/Span85 as nonionic surfactants. Figure (9).The study of the efficiency of the highest extractants and reached to 98.7% after studying the surfactant concentration of span 80/span85 (3:1), the surfactant ratio an important in extraction of Ni (II) led to increasing when surfactant increased and use more than surfactants due to stability of membrane and dependent on the surfactants concentration.…

1935, the first plasma membrane structure model was introduced by Danielli and Davson. They proposed that the membrane is made of phospholipid bilayer that consists of hydrophobic head and the hydrophilic tail. Hydrophilic head, which is polar, facing towards the water molecules and said to be coated with protein. Hydrophilic tail, which is non-polar is not facing water molecules and sandwiched between the two bilayers. At regular intervals of the surface of the plasma membrane, there are also…

Cutin,Waxes and Suberin Definition: There are lipophilic barriers in all plants that prevent the water loss and manage the movement of, solutes, and gases.Cutin waxes and suberin are these lipophilic barriers. (1) (2) Introduction: Cuticle is the protective and waterproofing covering that covers the plant organs and prevent water loss and entry of microorganism.Cuticle structural component is cutin. Suberin also act as a fence for the pressure from the environment and cutting and is formed…

4.2 RES as activator of sirtuins and other biological target structures There are several molecular activities discussed that should convey the health-promoting effects of RES. In one of the most important (if not the decisive one) study, it was shown that RES modulates the activity of the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) (3). SIRT1 belongs to a protein family consisting of seven (SIRT1-SIRT7) individual members that are unique Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide…

1959702695 Osmosis is a type of facilitated diffusion where water molecules move from high concentrations of water to low concentrations of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis is a way for water molecules to create equilibrium between a cell and its environment. For example, if the cell is a hypotonic solution and its environment is a hypertonic solution, then water will naturally diffuse to its environment to create equilibrium. The guiding question for this experiment was,…

integral membrane-spanning protein that moves the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synapse back into cytosol terminating therefore the signal of the neurotransmitter. The dopamine reuptake via DAT is the primary mechanism from which dopamine is cleared from synapses. Its function requires the binding and cotransport of two Na+ ions and one Cl− ion with the dopamine substrate. The driving force for DAT-mediated dopamine reuptake is the ion concentration gradient generated by the plasma…

Structure of Tight Junctions and their Dynamic Functions in Health and Disease Tight junction (TJ) discovery in the 1960s helped determine the nature of paracellular transport while the discovery of their constituting proteins subsequently improved understanding of TJs’ dynamic structure. Their role can be appreciated particularly in epithelial cells and when their formation is compromised; I aim to briefly explore the cause of Crohn’s disease to illustrate this. Furthermore, I will outline the…

In the fifth chapter of Biology, Peter Raven and George Johnson demonstrate the pedagogical functionality of metaphor by “highlighting” (Kövecses 91) the biological function of cell membranes through the underlying descriptive structural megametaphors CELL MEMBRANE IS A WALL and TRANSPORT PROTEINS ARE DOORS and the mappings between them, and by “hiding” (Kövecses 92) other aspects of this concept. Throughout this chapter, Peter Raven and George Johnson pair these main conceptual…