Life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment is a tool that can be used to evaluate and compare the environmental effect of a product, process, or activity throughout its life cycle or lifetime, which is known as a “from cradle to grave” analysis (Poritosh Roy 2009). It can be used to assess environmental burdens, finding opportunities for process and product improvement, and selection of process technology, energy or raw material sources. LCA has been used extensively by researchers to evaluate and compare various MSW waste to energy systems (Khoo, 2009, Leme et al., 2014, Zaman, 2013, Ning et al., 2013, arena et al., 2015, Evangelisti et al., 2015). However, few researchers have used Life Cycle Assessment to investigate and compare MSW treatment with gasification technologies against conventional waste-to-energy technologies accounting for the electricity generated and secondary resources recovery such as bottom ash utilization and metal recovery. Thus, this work focuses in using Life cycle assessment to compare and evaluate a well detailed environmental assessment of the different MSW waste to energy scenarios used in this study, provide full understanding, and sensitivity analysis of significant parameters affecting variability of the gasification waste to energy…

building stock in the year 2050 is already built [36]. Many governments and relevant communities make a lot of effort on the decarbonising in the construction industry, and BIM is at the center of controversy. BIM based technology to enhance the energy performance have improved in short period intensively over the last decade [39][43], mainly been used in the early stage of design and construction phase [3]. Efficient ways for contributing retrofit and refurbishment project still lies behind in…

There are two main models for Life Cycle Inventory Analysis, and they are very different between them. The Attributional Life Cycle Inventory is based on a description of how environmentally relevant physical flows affects life cycle and its subsystems. On the other hand, Consequential Life Cycle Inventory is based on describing how changes in Life Cycle itself affect the environmentally relevant physical flows. The main objective of this paper is to amplify the consequential model beyond the…

manufactured in India. The embodied energy values of the materials shown in Table 2 are derived from Indian construction books [ ]. Building parameters Specifications Total number of floors 2 Ceiling Height 3 m Service life 75 years Usable floor area 86.77 m2 Structure RCC Envelope Brick masonry Interior Walls Brick masonry, plaster finish External Walls Brick masonry, grit finish Flooring RCC, Ceramic tiles Roof RCC flat roof Table 1. Basic parameters of the bungalow. The building is…

Life cycle inventory(LCI), Life cycle impact assessment and finally Interpretation. Goal and scope, is the start of an explicit statement and this will set up the scope of the product. Life cycle inventory is an analysis with the goal of listing the products to and from the nature. The outcome of this is typically a flow chart. Life cycle impact assessment, is pretty straight forward given the name. This is aimed to evaluating the potential environmental impact each step from the LCI flow chart.…

vulnerability late in the software life cycle, compared to early? It is almost always more costly to redo or rework something than to do it correctly in the first place. Years ago when I got my first Solaris system administration job, the Navy had the view that any job the Navy did not have official schools for could be learned via OJT (on the job training). So for my first year, I learned everything I could about Solaris system administration and felt I did quite a good job.…

for small projects, slow response to frequently changes in requirements and tends to be over budgeted. We are aware that RUP methodology, delivers a structured and disciplined approach throughout the software development, which is suitable for medium and large scale projects. On the other hand RUP model has some shortcomings as well, such as rapidly requirement changes not being recommended in RUP, which tends to be slow and over-budgeted; reputation in the sense of small and fast paced…

A situational analysis is used to identify a company strength and weakness. This process help a company understand the business and their customers. It identifies the internal and external threats the may prohibit a business performance. La-Natural is developing company and situational analysis will be essential to company success. La-Natural is a new company establishing its brand in the skin cares industry. The assessment of the company strength and weakens will help…

of the logical framework had shown below. (Bakewell and Garbutt, 2005) It compels people to think about how a project or program plans to bring about changes, and explains how activities produce output and contribute to goals. Identifying and reviewing risks and assumptions that go beyond the control of a project or program management, but may impact on progress, and the logic framework helps these managers develop mitigation actions. However, while sometimes considered the most important part…

of supplier to customer and distrib-utors Model to fulfil re-quest of product or process Rule for handling inventories Tech-nology model Physical structure of data Flow chart for model connec-tion Connection of hardware and software Reports are presented as informa-tion Validation and verifi-cation Rule for verification and validation Detailed repre-sentation Meta model Programs for models Hardware and software Access to module connection timing to handle functional-ity Rules for module as…