Lateral geniculate nucleus

When looking at a sunset, we do not see it as a detailed, quantifiable object but rather as a being or a face that evokes various inexplicable emotions within us with its constantly changing and fluid expressions. It is difficult to understand how the varying hues of colour and light, the radiance of the sky and its transition into velvety darkness which softens the surrounding landscape, can induce such a surging up of emotion and how it has the power to alter our mood. Although every sunset is…

tympani and vagus nerves. Cell bodies of all these fibers are located in three peripheral ganglia, the geniculate ganglion (CN VII), the petrosal (XN IX), and the nodose ganglion (CN X). In adult animals, each taste bud is innervated by 3-14 sensory ganglion neurons (Whitehead et al., 1999). The fibers of ganglionic neurons terminate in a small region in the medulla called the gustatory nucleus, or nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) (Whitehead and Finger, 2008). Information from NTS is transmitted…

pathway provides voluntary muscles of the neck, head and limbs. Neurons are created in the primary motor cortex. The pyramidal system has two tracts the corticospinal and to corticobulbar. The corticospinal is at the inferior level of the medulla. Lateral corticospinal tracts exert contralateral control, while ventral corticospinal tracts exert ipsilateral control traveling down the spinal cord where they join the muscles they serve synapsing with the nuclei of the lower motor neurons. The…

Sclerosis, or MS. About half the patients who have MS develop an episode of Optic Neuritis. Axons from retinal ganglion cells form the retinal nerve fiber layer, the optic nerve, the chiasm, and optic tracts that connect with lateral geniculate nucleus. From lateral geniculate nucleus emerge the optic radiations and finally the visual cortex. The interaction between those structures on the acute and chronic damage determine the highly visual dysfunction of patients with ON and MS.…

The choroidal arteries are deep cerebral arteries that supply deep structures in the brain. The anterior choroidal artery is a branch of the internal carotid and it supplies the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles, parts of the visual pathway, the putamen, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. The posterior choroidal artery is a branch of the posterior cerebral artery. It supplies blood to the choroid plexus of the third ventricle and parts of the thalamus and hippocampus. An occlusion of…

Other research has shown that perceptual load can be found in areas 1-4 of the Visual Cortex, as well as the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (Lavie, 2005). This finding proved that a person can be aware of his/her perceptions at one of the earliest times during the visual process (Lavie, 2005). The present reader, in agreement with the author, believes that more research should…

The first area of the brain to receive input from ganglion cells is the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. From there the thalamus sends information to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe and area V1 sends information back to the thalamus. These two areas feed information back and forth. Area V1 also sends information…

Introduction Also known as the second cranial nerve, or CN II, the optic nerve is the second of twelve cranial nerves. Although located at the back of the eye, the optic nerve is considered a part of the central nervous system due to its role in visual integration and function. The optic nerve transfers visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses. Made of about 1.7 million retinal ganglion cell axons, or nerve cells, the optic nerve encompasses…

Forebrain made up of a pair of large cerebral hemispheres also known as the telecephalon and a set of structures sit deep in the cerebellum called diencephalon. Diencephalon includes the thalamus, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), hypothalamus, and posterior lobe of the pituitary. Thalamus allows all the sensory inputs (except for olfactory nerve) to go through to the somatic sensory regions of the cerebral cortex. LGN allows the signals to go from the optic…

Mid-level vision maps pixels to regions, which is used to detect three dimensional structures from motion. High-level vision maps pixels and regions to abstract categories (Huttenlocher, n.d.). In regards to human vision, images travel to the lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN), which separates the image into 2 parallel streams, the parvocellular layers containing color and fine structure, and the magnocellular layers containing contrast and motion. The parvocellular mirrors low-level vision by…