Language proficiency

variation of the language from person to person, many challenges arise. For those people who speak other languages than Spanish, the amount of tests available to their population is very low or even nonexistent. Some tests are only available in English, an example is the California English Language Development Test (CELDT). This test assesses the English listening, speaking,…

most in the English language (Houghton Mifflin Publishing Company, 2013). While it is imperative to retain both types of vocabulary to become a fluent reader, students often begin their vocabulary acquisition by learning high frequency words. Students can be exposed to and retain this type of vocabulary by emphasizing the spelling of the words,…

Learning a foreign language requires learning a large number of words. In order to become proficient learners, students have to learn thousands of words, including those rarely used in communication. Not only English learners, but also English teachers are not less concerned by vocabulary teaching. Hence, learning a foreign language at different levels requires the acquisition of thousands of words. The needs of learners to remember vocabulary items are crystal clear in learning language.…

Over centuries language teaching has gone through some changes, these changes that happened throughout history have reflected recognition of changes in the kind of proficiency learners need, such as a move toward oral proficiency rather than reading comprehension, they have also reflected the theories of the nature of language. In the following essay, we will talk about some of the language teaching Methods such as: The Direct Method, Audio-lingual Method, and Suggestopedia. The Direct Method:…

Act of 1968 arose out of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. For the first time, the federal government would be funding school districts that had linguistic minorities with Limited English Proficiency. Those students would have access to programs that would help them gain English-language proficiency. A little over a decade later, however, a backlash began. Critics claimed students would be better off in mainstream classes where they would learn English more quickly. Since then, states…

the only language spoken, there are much more. Many researchers are interested in studying bilingualism in kids because they want to know, whether or not, they have difficulties developing in literature or society. Many researchers believe it can hold a child back from developing and others believe it will be beneficial for the child to be bilingual. Does bilingualism affect a child from developing in literature and society? It is believed that a child, who knows more than two languages, has a…

has several factors, both positive and negative, that shape her English language acquisition abilities. Factors that can be seen as negative influences regarding her development in English are that she has moved around a lot, during her many moves been exposed to a variety of different languages, and Spanish being the primary language in her home and neighborhood. Positive factors that might influence her English language acquisition abilities are her motivation to learn English, Anale likes…

second-generation Hispanics Spanish proficiency falls to 82%. By the third-generation of U.S.-born Hispanics, less than half (47%) claim they can speak Spanish fluently (Taylor et al., 2012). When identifying the primary language spoken by Hispanics, research indicates a similar trend with successive generations. Among first-generation Hispanics, 61% say Spanish is dominant with 24% English dominant. By the third-generation, only 2% identify Spanish as their primary language with 69% saying…

under the broader heading of teacher cognition, which also involves related concepts such as attitude and knowledge. However, in this literature review, key components of this section are the study of teachers the development of teacher cognition and language education research, definitions of teacher cognition, the relationship between teacher cognition and behaviour, appraisal of data collection methods in teacher cognition research, and the selected studies on teacher cognition about EMI in…

English language is complicated, as it originated from Latin, Greek, and Anglo-Saxon roots and let alone the tenses can get rather abstruse. Often times, many can confuse pro-English, having English as the official language within legal processes, with “English-only” where English is the law of the land. Despite having successes without learning English, having English as the official language of the United States would make occupational procedures easier and allow an individual’s language…