Into Thin Air

to have the higher yield, since it is more stable and consequently harder to break down throughout the experiment. Keywords Nitration, Bromobenzene, Substitution, 4-nitrobromobenzene, 2-nitrobromobenzene, Column Chromatography, Infrared spectrum, Thin-Layer Chromatography. Introduction This experiment…

ABSTRACT: In this experiment, we determined the relative polarity of substances using the principles of chromatography. Three substances were tested using a thin layer chromatography. The column chromatography tested a mixture of two substance which were separated as a result of the chromatography. The results for both the thin layer and column chromatography supported the hypothesis. Therefore, chromatography is an effective tool that can be used to determine relative polarities. INTRODUCTION:…

to the desired height on the plate. Since these solvents are generally volatile, a piece of filter paper was added to the jar that had been soaked in the solvent in order to saturate the air inside the sealed jar to prevent evaporation from the plate. The jar was left sealed for about five minutes to ensure air saturation while the TLC plates were prepared for use. A line was drawn two centimeters from the bottom of the silica plates with a pencil (ink would be carried up the plate and interfere…

Do you know what are air pollution and its effects on human life and even the environment? Air pollution is one of the virtual problems nowadays and it can damage human life and the environment. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, biological materials or other harmful materials into the Earth atmosphere, possibly causing disease, damage to other living organisms such as the built environment and death to human. In addition, most people assume that air pollution is a common problem…

They got cheaper, smaller, and easy to use. They acquired monitors and peripherals, a lot of plug-ins peripherals that became a common possession for the average middle-aged American. So when Steve Jobs slipped out of a manila envelope the MacBook air in 2008, a lot people like Joanna Stern a Personal technology columnist for The Wall Street Journal, thought that “it was a downright crazy idea. For…

on Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. A thin layer of gas called ozone high up in the atmosphere filters out these dangerous rays. The atmosphere also helps to sustain life on Earth. Without the atmosphere, people and plants would die. People cannot afford to keep ruining the atmosphere and the air because the Earth needs to support their future grandchildren. Many diseases and illnesses can come from air pollution. The air pollution can be bothersome for people with lung…

Latin America are air pollution, acid rain, deforestation, and oil-relating pollution. First let’s start with air pollution in Mexico City. Mexico City `s high elevation means that there are less oxygen, so fuels do not completely burn. What causes air pollution? The air pollution is cause by overcrowding, industrialization, vehicle emissions, and location at the base of the mountains which trap emissions producing a heavy overlay of smog. The major environmental concerns surrounding air…

Many contrarian choices plague people’s lives every day, and one that applies to a variety of people is choosing the right computer. There are two main computer companies, Microsoft and Apple, that are quite different in their approach to manufacturing and advertising their products. When a consumer is in the electronics store the Apple genius and PC expert lock onto them and close in fast attempting to persuade them in choosing their product. The Apple genius will try and smooth over the…

Various important choices plague people’s lives every day, and one that applies to a plethora of people is choosing the right computer. There are two main computer companies, Microsoft and Apple, that are quite different in their approach to manufacturing and advertising their products. The Apple genius or PC expert have no shame in attempting to persuade the customer to buy their respective brand. The Apple genius will try to smooth over the potential buyer with the fancy designs and the Apple…

Methods Column chromatography was set up using a 60 ml syringe clamped to a ring stand. The syringe was plugged using a small amount of cotton. An Erlenmeyer flask was placed underneath the column to collect any excess material. Eleven 20 ml vials were labeled numbers 1 through 11. Silica gel was measured to 42 ml using a graduated cylinder and then moved into a 150 ml beaker. A slurry was created by adding 50 ml of hexane to the beaker containing the silica gel. The slurry was stirred for…