Intramembranous ossification

Achondroplasia is a genetic pattern inherited in a dominant pattern. It has one mutated gene in each cell that has the ability to cause achondroplasia however in most cases it streams from having a mutation randomly occur in the FGFR3 gene later in life. FGFR3 protein has many versions, which are found in different areas of the body. Many of these proteins are found in the cells that forms bone. FGFR3 is believed to regulate bone growth. Age can effects the mutation, therefore someone who develops achondroplasia later in life could pass a less severe case to their children. “Achondroplasia means without cartilage formation”(3), and is a Greek word. Achondroplasia is actually the most common type of dwarfism effecting almost 80% of all little people. Achondroplasia is often referred to as dwarfism or ACH. ACH is in a group called skeletal dysplasias. ACH has been effecting humans ever since we’ve existed. However ACH wasn’t discovered until 1944 by Dr. John Wasmuth. Achrondroplasia effects one in every 26,000 live births. In order to develop ACH you only need one parent with the mutated FGFR3 gene. Which would give you a 50% chance of inheriting ACH. “Children who inherit the mutated FGFR3 from both parents are more likely to die within the first year of life.”(4) People who have ACH usually have a normal intelligence level. Males that inherit ACH have an average size of about 4’3. However if ACH effects a female her average size will be about 4ft. In our bodies we have a…

Osteoporosis Cameron Buss CNA 9/10 April Overview of Osteoporosis The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) defines osteoporosis as a disease in which the density and quality of bone are reduced (iofbonehealth.org). No symptoms can be identified until a fracture happens. As we get older the minerals in our bones become less and less making them weaker and more brittle. When our bones become brittle they do not absorb as much stress and can cause them to break. As we age, our…

In mammals, longitudinal bone growth occurs at the growth plate by endochondral bone formation. The growth plate consists of three principal zones: resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic. The resting zone lies adjacent to the epiphyseal bone and contains infrequently dividing chondrocytes. The proliferative zone contains replicating chondrocytes arranged in columns parallel to the long axis of the bone. The proliferative chondrocytes located farthest from the resting zone stop replicating and…

body movement and stabilize joints. However, the ossification of bones where it shouldn’t be present can cause many difficulties in the body’s ability to perform natural movements. Fibrodysplasia Ossification Progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant disease in which the muscles, ligaments, and tendons progressively transform into bone (Kaplan, Nassau, & Shore, 2014). This formation of new bone forms outside the natural skeleton structure (See figure 2, Page 6), making this…

including achondroplasia. Achondroplasia is a form of short-limbed dwarfism which is caused by “failure of endochondral ossification due to a fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation” (Vajo, Francomano, Wilkin, 2000). Some of these dyplasias can potentially be detected on an ultrasound as early as 20 weeks. The measurements the doctors look for on the ultrasound is the length of the humerus or femur. If the length of either of these limbs is less than the fifth percentile it is highly…

Intramembranous bone formation, also known as ossification, is how flat bones develop from mesenchyme tissue. In this method of bone formation, there are four major steps in the developing process. In the first step, the ossification center forms by osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are created from stem cells within the mesenchyme that specialize. In the second step the osteoblasts from the ossification center produce proteins make up the osteoid. After the osteoid if formed it will combine with…

Osteogenesis and the stages of bone development The early stages of bone development. Osteogenesis, also known as ossification, is the process in which bone forms. In the early stages, the ‘skeleton’ is made up of loose fibrous connective tissue membranes and hyaline cartilage, and are already in the shape of bones, these are the site where ossification will begin. This provides the foundation for subsequent ossification, starting in the 6th or 7th week of embryonic development. They will…

Endochondral Ossification All osteogenic tissue from the neck down is made by endochondral ossification, with the exception of the clavicles. The model that bone will eventually replace is composed of hyaline cartilage, the most common cartilage, this process tends to be more difficult than intramembranous ossification since all hyaline cartilage most be decomposed as bone tissue is created. Everything begins at the primary ossification center, which is located in the center of diaphysis of the…

dysplasia Fibrous dysplasia is a disorder where normal bone are replaced whth scar-like (fibrous) tissue. This bone are weakened and it can deformed or fractured. Mostly only one bone is affected — most commonly the skull or a long bone in the arms or legs. FOP patients are normally not misdiagnosed with fibrous dysplasia. Areas commonly affected by fibrous dysplasia are not affected in FOP. (h) Relation to progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is a…

Abstract A bone fracture is one of the most common large organ injuries to occur to humans and animals alike. When a bone is fractured, a unique and thorough regeneration of tissue takes place to repair it. There are two types of ways that a bone fracture can be repaired: direct bone healing is when the bones are intervened and set into place to allow for repair, indirect bone healing is allowing the fracture to heal naturally without any intervention from a third party. This paper will review…