Insular cortex

I. It was an ordinary relaxing day at Coney Island Hospital and I was the only volunteer (usually 3) that Saturday in the hospice unit. I remember this event clear as day. All the 6 nurses on our unit ran to one room and I felt this feeling of panic spread throughout the floor. I had to stay calm and try my best to mind my own business. All I heard was a nurse and doctor yelling does anyone know how to speak Russian? My heart fell to my toes and I automatically ran to the room, they dressed me…

still being made in this realm of disorders. In the coming years, it is to be expected that more genetic related studies will help us understand the nature versus nurture link. We may also see more gene regulating developmental process in prefrontal cortex as well as in other brain areas (Xiao et al., 2014). Animal models will also be crucial in this research so that we can easily see the development of certain types of mutations and how they present (Xiao et al.,…

At a glance, hypnosis is a fun way to see your friends do ridiculous things that they’d never do in their right mind. But there’s much more to hypnosis than making chicken noises and dancing in front of a crowd of people. By definition, hypnosis “is a trance-like state in which you have heightened focus and concentration” (Mayo). Hypnosis has been proven to be helpful in coping with anxiety or pain that one is experiencing. In this process called hypnotherapy, also known as medical hypnosis, a…

Memory is a process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. It is the total sum of who we are and what we know. It is also absolutely crucial in everything we do and affects how well we do it. A large variety of studies have already been conducted on memory and show that there are different types of memory. In their study, Luo and Craik (2008) looked at the effects of age on memory and found that aging contributes to increasing difficulty to complete complex memory tasks. There’s a…

internet? And How do they affect our brains? My answer for this is according to Gary Small 's research is that when he went back and re did the research with the same people, the ones who showed barely any activity in their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,…

are linked with non-olfactory regions. Olfactory receptor neurons project into the olfactory bulb which projects to the olfactory cortex. The olfactory cortex is a three layered cortex with several distinct sub-regions, the largest being the pyriform cortex. The other main components of the olfactory cortex are the olfactory tubercle and the anterior olfactory cortex. Olfactory tubercle differs in relative size and location between rodents, humans, non-humans and other animals. Olfactory…

PPA when compared to transcortical sensory aphasia, it is very much alike, in which articulation, repetition, phonology, and syntax are preserved but patient does not comprehend well. Good fluency is retained but as the disease progresses speech is characterized by repetitious clichés and semantic jargon. Lastly, less frequent words are substituted with more familiar ones typically from a superordinate category like “animal” for “dog” (Kertesz & Harciarek, 2014). Patients with logopenic PPA…

Michael Phelps, Serena Williams, Usain Bolt and Louis Zamperini have one thing in common: a unique nervous system. What makes an olympic athlete’s brain anatomy different from a regular athlete? What changes take place in their brain and its connecting peripheral nerves? And can anyone become an olympic athlete? The human body is capable of making changes to itself to adapt to different environments and specific tasks. Not only do the muscles in our body change but also our brain and certain…

the rounded rim of the cortex which also has the cingulate and the parahippocampalgyri. However, its supposed role in emotion was elaborated by the American physician, James Papez in 1937 in the influential paper titled ‘A proposed mechanism of emotion’. This anatomical model is called the Papez circuit.[2] In the year of 1948 scientist Yakovlev proposed Yakovlev's circuit in the command of emotions involving the anterior, insular, , temporal , orbitofrontal and lobe cortex, the dorsomedial…

victims of PTSD. The results were also heavily supported by corresponding research as seen in table 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. The four main structures, which form the neural circuitry of stress, involved in PTSD neurological changes (hippocampus, PFC, insular lobe and amygdala) have been investigated structurally and functionally to assess how these abnormalities affect the workings of the brain. The hippocampus is a crucial structure in the development, effects and continuation of PTSD. The…