Hydrogen sulfide

Water and ethanol both have dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding while kerosene only has dispersion force. It means to say that there is a greater energy needed in order to break the bond that holds the molecules together. In conclusion, intermolecular forces increase direct proportionally with increasing polarization. It should also be noted that the arrangement of the strength of intermolecular forces increase from dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, to ion-dipole. Lastly, the…

The Calorimetric Determination of Enthalpy and Entropy Changes of the Thermal Decomposition of Sodium Sulphate Decahydrate Abstract Sodium sulphate decahydrate thermally decomposes to anhydrous sodium sulphate at 50⁰ C and cools to form anhydrous sodium sulphate. Using Hess's Law the enthalpy and entropy changes of this process can be determined in order to deduce the spontaneity of the reaction. The transition temperature was determined by melting the hydrated crystals at 50⁰ C and allowing…

The experiment is an investigation about the Zeeman Effect in an atomic Cadmium lamp. The part of the spectrum observed will be the 645nm (red) emission line. Electrons occupy energy levels within an atom when a photon of energy hf is absorbed by an electron in the n=1 level and if the energy is such that the electron is excited and ascends to the n=2 level after some time the electron will then descend back to the n=1 level and a photon of hf will then be emitted again. Each atom has its own…

Haines et al., A neutron diffraction study of quartz-type FePO4: high-temperature behavior and αβ phase transition Kristallogr. 218, 193-200 (2003) Paragraph 1 Crystal chemical relationship between quartz (SiO2) and FePO4 Silicon dioxide is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula of SiO2. SiO2 is a chemical compound most commonly found in Quartz and it has a space group of P3121. The lattice symmetry of SiO2 is tetrahedron, where there are 4 oxygen atoms covalently bonded to the silicon…

REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES ABSTRACT The difference between aldehydes and ketones is by having a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group. This makes the aldehydes very easy to oxidize. Ketones do not have that hydrogen atom and are resistant to oxidation. They are only oxidized by powerful oxidizing agents which have the ability to break the carbon-carbon bonds. This report is about the reactions of aldehydes and ketones. This was done to determine how they react when different…

Abstract For this experiment the amount of zinc in vitamin water had to be determined. To do this, three methods were applied. The first was by a calibration plot method, where zinc standards were prepared and from the absorbance of those standards a calibration curve was plotted, which in turn was used to determine the amount of zinc in vitamin water. The second method was standard addition. For this method, an un-spiked and spiked solution were prepared. The un-spiked solution only contained…

Paragraph 1 Sphalerite and wurtzite are the two polymorphs of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS). Sphalerite follows the space group F-43m, wurtzite is of the space group P63mc, and both polymorphs have the same formula of (Zn, Fe)S. The crystal chemical relationship between the two can be discussed by looking at the capability of transformation between the two polymorphs, known as polymorphism. This is due to the same SnS4 polyhedral found in both. Yet even though this is so, the two differ when we look at…

The schematic diagram presented in Figure 1.1 illustrates the experimental rig used for the kinetic analysis of reactive flash volatilization (RFV) of acetol and guaiacol. The flow rates of oxygen and nitrogen gases were regulated using mass flow controllers (the type and serial number). Water, on the other hand, was delivered to an evaporator by a high-performance liquid chromatography pump (Agilent) at rates between 0.06 to 0.17 ml/min. The evaporator set at a temperature of 180C allowed to…

Nanosilver Impregnation A 400 ppm aqueous dispersion of silver nanoparticles was produced and applied to the specimens using electrochemical technique. The size range of silver nanoparticles was 30-80 nm. The pH of the suspension was 6-7; two kinds of surfactants (anionic and cationic) were used in the suspension as stabilizer; the concentration of the surfactants was three times the nano-silver particles. Empty-cell impregnation process (Rueping method) was carried out in pressure vessel under…

Research Question How does the increase of concentrated hydrochloric acid affect the rate of the chemical reaction with sodium thiosulphate? Background to the Research question Chemical reaction involves the chemical change of atoms and molecules, it will occur when two or more molecules interact with each other and the molecule will change. Thus, bonds between atoms are broken down and then new molecules are formed. Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium thiosulfate are both colourless and clear…