Homologous chromosome

Darwin 's theory of evolution is a widely held concept that all life is related through the descent of a common ancestor with modification. It presumes the development of life from non-life and how complex creatures evolve over time from more simplistic ancestors by a process called natural selection. According to Darwin’s observations and inferences, natural selection arises from heritable variations (i.e size, shape, behavior, color) among population members, high fertility rate, differences…

follow rules established by Gregor Mendel. One of these rules is the Law of Independent Assortment. It states that genes of the parents will be independently assorted, as a result of crossing over. Crossing over is an event during meiosis when homologous chromosomes line up and exchange genetic information (Bhagat, R, et al.,2004). Resulting offspring follow set phenotypic ratio’s, which are presumed to be the null hypothesis that experiments are tested against (Brooker). In this experiment,…

Introduction: An important category of issues in medical science is the diagnosis of diseases, which is based on various tests on the patient. Cancer is the second most common non-accidental cause of mortality in the world. Today, cancer is one of the health problems of the world, and it costs a lot of research every year around the world, this is despite the fact that the third cause of death in our country is "cancer." Unfortunately, the wrong way of life has led to the emergence of cancers…

selection. Natural selection is a theory that is focused around five main ideas. It begins with the idea of the variation that exists in a natural species. Variation can come from mutations in a species as well as from the crossing over between homologous chromosomes that occurs in sexual reproduction, specifically meiosis. Both of these factors are important in causing different organisms to develop independently and produce unique offspring. The second idea of natural selection is that more…

Living organisms are made from cells. There are two types of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are more complex because they contain both. Plants and animals are made from eukaryotic cells, but they are different. Plants have a cell wall that provides more structure and the also have chloroplasts that help them carry out photosynthesis. Animal cells have neither of these. Stem cells are a unique type of…

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is named after the French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne who first described the disease. It is one of nine types of muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration (Muscular Dystrophy Association). Muscle weakness appears in early childhood and progressively worsens; children with DMD are generally wheel-chair dependent by adolescence. Along with the DMD affecting the skeletal system, the cardiac muscles…

Illustration of sexduction in E. coli using streptomycin resistant F-lac- recipients and F′lac+ donors Abstract The process in which DNA from a donor cell is transferred through physical contact into a recipient cell is known as conjugation. In the experiment, sexduction, a cross between F′ and F- plasmids, was demonstrated by mixing the donor and recipient, diluting them and using selective plating methods. The plasmids from the donor, recipient and transconjugant were isolated and analyzed…

TRPM2 channels are multifunctional, Ca2+ permeable channel, and it can be activated by warm temperature [1] Molecular Structure The human TRPM2 gene is located, on chromosome 21 q 22.3. When TRPM2 is translated into a protein, it will contain 6 transmembrane domains (S1-S6), a pore forming loop is made between S5 and S6 (figure 1) [1]. The TRPM2 channel is assembled into a homo-tetramer, but sometime it can also be…

In virtually every language, the term for Abirthmark@ can be translated as some variant of the terms Aenvy,@ Awish,@ Alonging,@ or “mother’s mark.” Does this suggest anything to you about what people in the past thought might be the causes of birthmarks? something the mother did caused the birth mark? D. Birth Process 14. Childbirth is conventionally divided into three stages. What are they?  mother experiences regular uterine contractions that are usually spaced to 10 to 15 minute…