Genetic predisposition

our genetic code, it is permanent and unchangeable. Epigenetics are the mechanisms that influence DNA, it is the device that inhibits or increases our gene expression. Epigenetics can be influenced by many factors, for example nutrition and stress. Although the actual makeup of our genetic code isn’t changed by these factors, the extent to which the genes are expressed can be (Rettner, 2013). Epigeneticist Moshe Szyf highlighted the ways in which different behaviors can influence genetics in…

issues of cloning have surfaced, remaining in the spotlight ever since. Many different and opposite opinions are present, whether among the members of certain scientific field or among people discussing everyday topics. Cloning, the result of a genetic copy of parent organism is not a novelty. In fact, it has been present for many years if we are speaking of cloning as a form of asexual reproduction, which occurs in plants. As such, it is not considered immoral and has help us greatly and…

many years. This debate consists of whether children’s genetics or their environment primarily cause the way they behave. Nature focuses on the genetic factors; whereas, nurture emphasizes the environmental factors and experience of the child. People have debated on whether the nature or the nurture factor has the biggest effect on the behavior of children. This sparks my main question: are children’s personalities shaped more heavily by genetics or by their upbringing? The nature theory states…

The genus Brassica is one of 51 genera in the tribe Brassiceae belonging to thecrucifer family, and is the economically most important genus within this tribe,containing 37 different species. Many crop species areincluded in the Brassica genus, which provide edible roots, leaves, stems, buds,flowers and seedCrops.Crops belonging to this genus are occasionally called Cole crops—derived from the Latin caulis, denoting the stem or branch of a plant.[1] Members of Brassica commonly used for food…

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Generalities PCR is a method developed in 1985 by Kary Mullis and to obtain, by coupling a heat-resistant DNA polymerase and without cloning, amplification of a fragment of DNA known. Initially, DNA polymerase was isolated from a bacterium thermophilne (resistant to significant increases in temperature), as Thermus aquaticus (Taq polymerase). Currently, we use recombinant enzymes, whose; elaboration is easier and greater efficiency. The general principle of PCR is…

Gene traps are the plasmid or retrovirus-based vectors having a reporter gene that is only expressed when integrated in a functional gene. They were originally developed for the study of insertional mutagenesis in mouse. The gene traps were used to identify and characterize genes which were regulated by exogenous stimuli or during development process. The gene trap is a process which makes it possible to identify genes that gives rise to phenotypic effects when they are switched off, and also…

A case on cancer cell By Shamik D. Majumdar What does cancer cell mean? Normal cells can repair themselves if any part gets damaged . This process is known as DNA repair. If the damage is too bad, they will self slaughter- known as apoptosis. (1) The molecules in cancer cells decide whether a cell should repair itself or not .EX: “a protein called p53 normally checks to see if the genes can be repaired or whether the cell should die”, so basically it…

evolution. Natural selection is a non-random sorting process, however, other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, a random sorting process, can also lead to the evolution of a population. Genetic drift may lead to a change in the frequency of alleles in a population, however the change will be unpredictable. In this experiment, we will be emulating the processes of both natural selection and genetic drift to model the evolution of a population of weevils. The “weevils” in this experiment will…

The relationship between central dogma and a genetic code The vital sequence of different processes that transfers the genetic code from DNA via mRNA to finally form the functional product (finished proteins) together forms the central dogma of modern molecular biology. Thus, the genetic code is the basis of the central dogma of molecular biology. Central dogma is nothing but the flow of genetic information in all living cells including human cells from DNA to RNA to proteins. The central dogma…

4. Discussion ZnO NPs are known to be cytotoxic and genotoxic in vitro and in vivo [9; 24-26]. However there is a lack of information where immunomodulatory effects of ZnO NPs are considered. Since, in vitro system cannot mimic the complexity of an in vivo system; hence in vivo is preferred for the toxicological evaluation. In the present study BALB/c mice were chosen as the in vivo model due to their immunocompetence and similarity with human metabolic activity, biochemical and physiological…