Fourier transform spectroscopy

equivalent amount of the powder containing 10mg of levofloxacin, dissolved in 10mL of ethanol, shaken for 10-15 minutes and the volume was made up to 100mL using simulated gastric fluid (enzyme free) of pH 1.2. The samples were centrifuged and filtered through 0.45 µm filter, diluted suitably and analysed using UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Systronics, India) at λmax of 227nm. All observations were done in triplicate. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was performed to characterize and investigate the interaction between levofloxacin and coformers stearic acid and saccharin sodium used. The FTIR spectra for pure levofloxacin, stearic acid, sodium saccharin, L-ST1 and L-SA2 cocrystals were recorded in the range of 4000-500 cm-1 by FTIR Spectrophotometer (Spectrum GX-FT-IR, Perkin Elmer, USA). The samples were prepared by using KBr disk method. Samples of about 2 mg were lightly ground and mixed with 200 mg IR grade dry potassium bromide and then compressed at 10 tonnes in a hydraulic press to form discs. The Spectroscopy was done at a speed of 20scans/s at room temperature…

Introduction In color reproduction, gamut or the color gamut is a certain complete subset of colors, which can be accurately represented in a given circumstance such as given color space [1]. In another words gamut literally means the total range of possibilities that can be accomplished from red, green and blue (RGB) for a particular device [2]. If certain color cannot be reproduced accurately there is a way how to calculate the color difference by adequately describing the color by numerical…

2. QPSK: When a data is transmitted using BPSK technique the channel bandwidth required is 2fb. The QPSK technique reduces that bandwidth to fb. It is a multilevel phase modulation. In this two successive bits in a bit stream are combined together to form a message and each message is represented by distinct value of phase shift of a carrier. The QPSK signal is represented as. Since there are 4 phases it is called as 4-PSK or Quadrature PSK systems [6][7]. 3. QAM: QAM improves the noise…

As discussed in the earlier section, wavelet transform of the signals is recommended due to the limitations offered by STFT. AWT (Analytic Wavelet Transform) provides suitable and adaptive time-scale and time-frequency domains. Zhu [15] found better results using AWT over STFT while analyzing the noise causing human hearing loss. AWT is a type of the Continuous Wavelet Transform that calculates the product of signals and complex Morlet wavelet due to which the resulting coefficients are complex…

devices. The presence of harmonics in power system is a major concern to power engineers for many years. Harmonics lead to industrial plant downtimes and power losses. Harmonic is the signal whose frequency is a multiple integer of the fundamental frequency. The highly non-linear devices are the sources of harmonics. Harmonic analysis is used to calculate the impact of harmonic producing loads on a power system [1]. The effect of harmonics on power system can be in the form of power efficiency…

2009). Bonds of molecules are not stationed in one place, but they move by twisting, vibration, bending and rotation. When these molecules are irradiated IR radiation, they vibrate and absorb at a particular wavelength which is the same as the configuration of the molecules according to specific functional groups (Wen et al. 2009). Furthermore, the analysis of the absorption wavelengths gives information on the molecules interactions with its surrounding moieties (Paschalis, 2009). FTIR (Fourier…

colleagues observed that the authentic tequila research required more advanced and affordable method for separating the 100 % agave tequilas from the mixed ones. The purpose of this study was to examine the composition of various samples of authentic tequila purchased in Mexico and Germany using ion chromatography (IC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was expected…

method, found high in Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under this study, after centrigugation of crude extract,the pellets were suspended in a 40 mL of dichloromethane in a separating funnel and shaken vigorously and the allowed surfactant recovered in the organic layer at the top. The extraction performed twice and the organic layers were pooled and evaporated. The organic layers were collected in separate conical flasks (Abushady et al., 2005; Yalcin and Ergene, 2010). It…

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) It is one of the classical techniques used routinely to derive information regarding the various bond types, the presence of different functional groups and interaction among them. FTIR spectroscopy provides opportunities to identify the unknown materials. In infrared spectroscopy the infrared radiations are passed through a sample. A portion of the radiation is absorbed by the sample and the remaining is passed through it. The resultant spectrum…

Abstract In this paper CuO-NH-NH2 nanoparticle was synthesized and used to remove anionic dyes from single and binary systems. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nanoparticle. Direct Red 80 (DR80) and Direct Green 6 (DG6) were used as anionic dyes. The effect of adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and pH on dye removal was evaluated. Kinetic…