Fluorine

The structure of a molecule affects how it is able to bond with other molecules and how effective these bonds are. The structure of the molecule itself is held together by the intramolecular forces, which are the internal forces of a molecule, such as the attraction and repulsion of electrons to the protons in the nucleus. The external forces on a molecule, which are called the intermolecular forces, such as electronegativity, help to determine the boiling and melting points of each element.…

Published in 1973 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich and written by William Goldman in 414 pages of a story between two soul mates who match their love for one another no matter what it takes. They chase for love during medieval times in the kingdom of fluorine. Once Westley and Buttercup discover their love for eachother Westley must leave to a voyage for riches but was to have been murdered but the odds are beat and he comes back in order for their love to remain. The book is recommended all across…

broken down in the stratosphere, the Cl and Br atoms deplete ozone via catalytic loss cycles… In contrast, since HFCs do not contain chlorine or bromine, their estimated direct chemical potential to deplete ozone via catalytic loss cycles that involve fluorine has been shown to be extremely small.”2 Hydrofluorocarbons also possess other traits that made researchers and environmental agencies to first identify these compounds as the ideal replacement for CFCs and PCFs. The hydrogen atom(s) in…

The infamous event of the Piltdown hoax is one that continues to draw speculative attention over a century after the initial announcement of the paleoanthropological findings. Although many scientists, especially those involved in the field of paleoanthropology, would like to forget the incident entirely, the Piltdown man—otherwise taxonomically referred to as Eoanthropus dawsoni—is perhaps the greatest hoax in anthropological history. Since the exposure of the Piltdown discovery as a forgery in…

Rocket Lab Experiment #4 Lilly Creswick (w/ Michelle Kubrin) Colorado School of Mines Chemistry 121 section 2AB Tace Rand Dr. Caster, Dr. Falconer, Dr. Sower September 20, 2016 Abstract: The Rocket Lab aimed to create a successful rocket made out of a pipet bulb filled with Acetylene and Oxygen gas. Different ratios of Oxygen and Acetylene gas were used to determine what would create the largest propulsion and launch the rocket bulb the furthest. A pipet bulb was used as the…

pyridines are found in many pharmaceuticals3 and this synthesis installs two reactive functional groups on the 2 and 6 positions of the ring, which are normally unreactive3. The inclusion of a fluorine, or fluorine containing substituent as in pharmaceuticals has significantly increased, since the fluorine can drastically improve bioavailability, protect against metabolism and change polarization of the molecule with limited…

Deoxyribonucleic acid consists of a phosphate and deoxyribose backbone, and four different nitrogenous bases. These bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Ribonucleic acid, the molecule formed in the transcription of DNA, is made up of phosphate, ribose, and adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. The backbone of DNA consists of a phosphate bonded to a deoxyribose molecule. Deoxyribose is a sugar containing five carbons, and it is called deoxyribose as it is missing an oxygen atom on…

Fluoride is often confused with its elemental fluorine. Fluorine is not readily found in nature, while fluoride is. Molecular fluorine is very dangerous because of its high reactivity, but fluorine can only be created artificially in a gaseous form. Fluoride is the elemental ion of the element fluorine, not associated with the molecular form. Consequently, the public attempts to equate the health risks of the two items. Acute…

Exploring Electrochemistry Aim: The Aim of this experiment is to investigate electrochemistry including spontaneity, conductivity, galvanic cells and lead-acid cells. Spontaneous reactions will be explored by observing the two reactions below: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) →Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) → Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) Conductivity will be explored through measuring the conductivity of water and water with salts. A galvanic cell will be constructed to investigate the two halves of a redox…

pretty much harmless, for 0.0001% of Earth’s atmosphere is made up krypton. It is colorless and odorless and hardly reacts with anything but fluorine. Later, the gas was put to good use in fluorescent light which were made to conserve energy. It doesn’t stop there with lighting; it also made a gateway to advance in high-speed photography. Krypton- fluorine could even be used to help make some lasers. But because the gas was so scarce, the number of uses for it were low, yet manufacturers still…