Fluorine

The boiling point of an organic compound determines its structural features and physical properties of the compound, which helps us to name the characteristics. Boiling point defined as the “temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is the same as the pressure of the atmosphere on the liquid surface”. (Mahaffy, P, Bucat, B, Tasker, R, Kotz, J, Treichel, P, Weaver, G, McMurry, J 2011). The boiling point 1-hexanol, 2-hexanone, 1-pentanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are represented in the…

1 (from UNEP Ozone Secretariat) which depicts the deadlines for production and consumption of Ozone depleting substances such as CFCs, Halons, Methyl chloroform, HCFCs, and many more. These organic compounds, CFCs, contain carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as an unstable by-product of methane and ethane. While it was revealed that these Chlorofluorocarbons are among substances which deplete the ozone layer, it was found that one of the main elements that make up CFC’s is chlorine. As…

Chemistry ERT - ITEM 3 Item 3.1 and 3.2 – Graphs The trend for the number of electrons in the valence shell for an element is clearly seen in this graph. The lowest point of each peak coincides with the Group I alkali metals. From there on, the electron count climbs until a full shell is reached at eight electrons, i.e. the noble gases who have full outer shells. The full shell signals the end of a Period at Group VIII, and then it begins again in Group I in a new Period. There is…

What is Eugenics? EugenicsEugenics is a movement that is aimed at improving the genetic composition of the human race. Historically, eugenicists advocated selective breeding to achieve these goals. Today we have technologies that make it possible to more directly alter the genetic composition of an individual. However, people differ in their views on how to best (and ethically) use this technology. ❖ Improvement of human population by controlled breeding and desirable characteristics. ❖…

Coffee or Tea Which is Better? Coffee and tea are currently the world’s most commonly used stimulants. Whereas the two are of different chemical structure and composition, they share a common chemical that is caffeine. Tea, for instance, contains caffeine and methylxanthenes such as theobromine and theophylline which are also human central nervous system stimulants. Tea is derived from a plant, Camellia sinensis, which was first grown in South East Asia and used as a beverage. It has over the…

Paintball is a game that shoots out markers or paintballs, that when they hit, the markers explode causing a paint mark on a person, a piece of cover, and trees.Paintball is also a game where many people do different types of games like capture the flag to different battle scenarios. Before paintball was a game paintballs was used to mark cattle for shipping purposes. Many people play this game with pump guns. These guns have an air pump attached and also a hopper.The hopper is the top piece of…

One day in January, 2004, Dr. Gerald Hurst, an acclaimed scientist and fire investigator, received a file describing all the evidence of arson gathered in Willingham’s case. Gilbert had come across Hurst’s name and, along with one of Willingham’s relatives, had contacted him, seeking his help. After their pleas, Hurst had agreed to look at the case pro bono, and Reaves, Willingham’s lawyer, had sent him the relevant documents, in the hope that there were grounds for clemency. Hurst opened the…

3-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone-2-carboxaldehyde and related schiff bases have been synthesized by Aly et al, 2010.These compounds showed not only anticonvulsant but also analgesic,and cytotoxic potential due to the presence of the side chain of themicarbazone with free amino group and fluorine atom. Anti Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity: (Nithinchandra et al, 2012) synthesized Sydnone containing new schiff bases derivatives (compound 55) and then screened for their analgesic and anti…

The Cameco Corporation is an international uranium producer accounting for about 16% of global production (Cameco, 2015). With mines in Canada, the United States and Kazakhstan, Cameco has approximately 429 million pounds of uranium reserves (Cameco, 2015). The uranium industry (specifically in Canada) is composed of firms that mine, refine and convert uranium ore into uranium dioxide and uranium hexafluoride both of which are used to produce fuel bundles for nuclear reactors across Canada…

and decreases towards the bottom left. The next trend is known as electronegativity. This is the measure of the tendency to gain electrons during chemical reactions. It increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom. This is because fluorine has the highest electronegativity while francium has the lowest electronegativity.…