Errors and Expectations

These principles included assuming all students are capable of learning, engage students in student-centered work, address “higher order” issues alongside “lower-ordered” issues, integrate academic writing and reading instruction, and embrace the conflict between what they already know and what they need to learn (21). Mutnick and Lamos suggest that there are four major basic writer pedagogical approaches that go with theoretical changes since its conception. One of the four approaches is error centered, which is based on Shaughnessy’s theory of the logic of errors. They focus on the student’s errors he/she produces, view Standard Written English as “normative and neutral rather than ideological and culturally biased” and are still used to help students learn grammar conventions (22). Secondly, Academic-initiation approaches integrate reading and writing, hold basic writer students to the same expectations as “regular” students, defined by discourse theories rather than cognitive view of error, have a three-step process of comprehension, interpretation, and application, and Bartholomae’s theory of academic socialization underlies these approaches. Thirdly, critical approaches focus on “reforming unjust relations of power and privilege”, view the basic writer as having been “marginalized by mainstream societal exclusions and inequities with respect to race, class, gender, sexuality, language, and culture” (25).…

the grade level that you teach? As Appendix A describes, oral language is important since it precedes and is the foundation for written language development. Having a strong oral language foundation will facilitate the reading and writing learning process. In regards to read-alouds for ELLs in second grade, I would say that it is a great way of developing and improving vocabulary and comprehension. By participating in rich and structured conversations based on a text that has been read aloud…

The purpose of much research into radio-diagnostic error is to understand the visual search methods (process) and the perceptive and cognitive processes (performance) used in the interpretation of medical images. Investigation into the reasons for radiological error began more than fifty years ago after a study comparing radiological techniques failed to provide an answer because of significant variability in the performance of the subjects used for the task [1]. Results found that chest images…

but nevertheless, we are prone to perceptual errors, or attribution biases, based on our own expectations. Often our expectations are based on assumptions that we have made about people. The fundamental attribution error refers to when we over-emphasize the role of dispositional factors in explaining other people’s behavior while minimizing the role of situational factors (Attribution (psychology), 2017). Since attribution biases are present in everyday life, it is important to recognize them…

write often or feel the process of writing meaningless may not come to agree with the argument that Bartholomae is showing his readers. Bartholomae is arguing that strategy of error analysis. Error analysis is basically the act of reviewing your own failures and learning from them. These failures can be seen in anything that one does in their lifetime. In Bartholomae’s case we are talking about error in writing. Error analysis is commonly used on those who are learning a second language but it…

The my grades tab is where a student can look at all the assignment along with their due dates and see how much each one is worth. This is extremely beneficial to students because they will be willing to work ahead and create a schedule to make sure they have enough time to complete each assignment. Although some students who fail to complete those assignments will receive no credit, but is still also important to check your current grade in case for some reason you average below a C all things…

previous units / classes. I use a variety of recent vocabulary accurately. I use a limited set of vocabulary in a mostly accurate way. I use a few, basic terms. Vocabulary use is sometimes inaccurate. Language Control How accurate are my grammatical structures? Verb endings are consistent with subject. I demonstrate control of present tense and emerging control of past and future verb tenses. Occasional grammatical errors do not interfere with comprehension. I demonstrate emerging control…

2.1 The Rational Expectations Hypothesis The rational expectations hypothesis is the hypothesis that, when forming expectations about any variable, people will make optimal use of the available information. This information includes the actual value of certain variables and, more widely, the nature or structure of the world in which people are operating. Let the value a variable ‘y’ takes in period t depend upon, or be a function f (.) of, the value of other variables, x1, x2 and x3 have…

There are several errors in judgment that individuals make on a day to day basis. Everyone is guilty of making these errors regardless of their background, education, and life experiences. The common errors of judgment found in humans that I chose are Snap Judgment, Projection, and Sweeping Generalizations (Bethel University, 2013). Snap Judgment is a common error that I recognize or experience probably most often. An example would be the cop shootings on “innocent citizens”. The media and…

The goal of the experiment is to find out the density of an unknown liquid and solid by measuring their mass and volume. A decigram balance is used to measure the mass of the substances, and a cylinder is used to determine their volume. The major result of this experiment is that by measuring the mass and volume of the unknown solid and liquid, the density can be calculated easily and accurately. Introduction The density of a given amount of substance is depended on its mass and volume. Density…