Electron

Topic 1: Chemical bonding 1.True or False: An Ion is when an atom gains or loses an electron. 2.What is a Cation? An ion with a (+) charge. 3.True or False: An Anion does not have a (-) charge. 4.What type of bonding transfers electrons? Ionic bonding 5.What are all the types of chemical bonds? Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic bonding. 6.What do you call an element that has different forms . Isotopes 7.Which type of bonding is the “strongest”? Ionic bonding 8.True or False: Ionic bonds are formed…

1. What is the forbidden gap in semiconductors? One electron volt (eV) 2. At absolute zero temperature, semiconductor behaves as Insulator 3. Define electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity is the ability to conduct an electric current. 4. What are the two types of charge carriers in semiconductors? Electrons and holes are the two types of charge carriers in semiconductor. 5. Define charge carrier. Charge carrier is a particle, which carries electric charge or electric current from one…

First ionisation energy- The first ionisation energy is the energy to remove electrons that are unstable from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to gain 1 mole of gaseous ions with a positively charge (1+) As you go down a group, the energy decreases from the top to the bottom due to the shielding effect. When there are a lot of electrons shielding the outer electron shell from the nucleus, energy is less needed to expel an electron from an atom. Fluorine has the most ionization energy and Caesium with the…

Surrounding the nucleus are electrons. These are arranged in shells, or…

and shot a stream of electrons across the glass tube. When the particles stuck to the other end of the tube, it created a patch of light that indicated where the particles landed. Thompson discovered that by using a magnetic field, he could move and deflect particles. He found that particles would always move towards the positively charged side. By using a Cathode Ray Tube, Thompson was able to conclude that some particles are negatively charged; therefore, discovering electrons. Thompson 's…

– equation (2 gives info on location of electron in terms of probability density - wave functions are called orbitals – [pic], where E is energy, e2 is electric potential, r is orbital radius and h is Planck’s constant 1925 Wolfgang Pauli – each orbital has only 2 electrons is now explained due to direction of spin of electrons. Spinning electrons create magnetic field. Only 2 electrons of opposite spin in an orbital referred to as Pauli exclusion principle Hund’s rule – half fill…

prompts to the loss of an electron from the less electronegative particle and the pickup of that electron by the more electronegative molecule, bringing about two particles. These oppositely charged particles feel a fascination in each other, and this electrostatic fascination constitutes an ionic bond. Ionic holding happens between a nonmetal, which goes about as an electron acceptor, and a metal, which goes about as an electron contributor. Metals have few valence electrons, though nonmetals…

In our time and age, many inventions depend on the use of static electricity such as printers, photocopiers , pollutant removers and even spray painting. Now imagine how our world would differ if we did not have the implementation of static electricity in inventions such as photo copiers or printers. These simple inventions solve big problems. What is static electricity? How do printers work? Why do we need Printers? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the use of printers? These factors…

the elements of sample. When electron beam attack the sample, incident electron will be diffracted and change the direction or even loose some energy. During this process, accumulating scattered angle of some incident electron is more than 90 degrees, they will re-emit from the surface of the sample. The characteristic of backscattered is high energy and close to the energy of incident electron, the resolution is low. On the contrary, the energy of secondary electrons is very small and less…

Principles of the Octet Rule, Electronegativity, Polarity, Density, and their effect on H2O Aryeh L. Strauss Suny Rockland Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge (neutrons are neutral). The protons are in the nucleus of the atom and the electrons fill shells surrounding the nucleus. The shells closest to the nucleus have the lowest energy level and the shells furthest away have the highest energy levels. The…