Electron

due to the losing their electrons. This made Rutherford realized two things. He realized that atoms are made mostly made of empty space and that the positively charged particles, called a proton, were all packed together in a place called the nucleus. Rutherford made a model that fits his new atomic theory. The Rutherford model is a circle with a few smaller circles within it, one small circle in the middle to represent the proton and the other small circles represent electrons ("Atomic…

book is about quantum physics and makes a story about it, making it more understandable. Key Idea 1 Bosons are particles that follow Bose-Einsteins statistics. It makes up one of the two classes of particles, the other is fermions. Fermions are electrons, neutrons, and protons. Boson is mesons, alpha particles, and photons. Boson statistics do not restrict the number of them that occupy the same quantum state. There are two levels of states, excited state and ground state. Quantum states are…

delocalized electrons. To separate these substances from this crystal lattice a lot of energy is needed. In between the positive and negative ions is present a strong electrostatic force of attraction. That is the reason why metals have strong melting and boiling points. In order to slide one layer of the metal ions over the other layer very less amount of energy is used. Therefore, metals are malleable and can be formed into any shape. In this metal crystal, the sea of delocalized electrons are…

Cellular Theory & Microscopes Robert Hooke Robert Hooke was an English scientist credited most famously for the creation of Hooke’s Law (a principle of physics that states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance) in 1660 and the discovery of plant cells using a compound microscope in 1663. The compound microscope uses two or more lenses, which are connected by a hollow tube. The top lens (called the eyepiece) is the one that people…

metabolic pathways of glycolysis and the Citric Acid cycle. Next comes the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle comes after the link reaction providing the hydrogen and electrons needed for the electron transport chain. This process takes place strictly the Mitochondria. Following the Krebs cycle, happens the the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain in the mitochondria is the site of oxidation phosphorylation. The NADH and succinate generated in the citric acid cycle are oxidized to…

eight valence electrons, just as the Noble Gases. This “Octet” rule governs modern chemistry and all the laws of the universe. In 1868, a scientist named Pierre Jansen discovered something very out of the ordinary.…

property of an element that refers to the atom’s capacity of binding and attracting electrons. Electronegativity increases left to right across a period (row) on the periodic table and decreases from top to bottom in a group on the table with the exceptions of noble gases, actinides, lanthanides, and transition metals for their lack of attracting electrons. Ionization energy refers to the energy needed to take away an electron from a neutral atom in a gas phase (Periodic Trends, n.d.).…

Fluorine is an element on the periodic table. Fluorine atomic number is 9. Fluorine is a chemical that looks pale and yellow. The atomic weight is 18.9984032 and the density is 0.001696 grams per cubic centimeter. Fluorine is a non-medal the period number is 2 its group number is 17 and the halogen. Fluorine is a gas. Fluorine was discovered by Henri Moissanin 1886. Ferdinand Frederick Henri Moissan was a French chemist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating…

Iodine is also located in Period 5 in the p-block of the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons and has 5 shells. Iodine is solid nonmetal at STP and it's electron configuration on shorthand in [Kr]4d105s25p5. Iodine has 53 protons and electrons and 74 neutrons. It has an atomic mass of 126.904 amu and I127 is a common isotope. It's electronegativity is 2.7 which means it has a decent ability to get electrons to be like a noble gas. It's melting point is 387(K) which is Kelvin and it's…

objective is to figure how many coils of copper wire are in the unknown. 4) What are AC and DC electrical energies? (3 points) DC electrical energy is direct current energy. So if the electrons’ movement is constant, it is DC electrical energy. AC is alternating current energy, so if the direction of the electron movement is inverted, it is AC electrical energy. 5) Currently, how are they generated in the U.S.? (3 points) Currently, US is producing electricity through: coal (39%), natural gas…