Dopamine receptor

In the article “Difference of satisfaction with medication between patients with schizophrenia treated with typical antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics”, they authors trying to gather data based on the annoyances of side-effects and psychotic symptoms with taking typical and atypical antipsychotics and with the satisfaction with medication of patients with schizophrenia. They also assessed atypical antipsychotics were superior to typical antipsychotics based on subjective indices. Typical…

Attention deficit disorder (ADHD) is described in the DSM-IV-TR criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) as a neurobehavioral condition that begins in childhood which can cause persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity. It is associated with poorer educational performance, social rejection and in adults increased employment and interpersonal conflict. Also, symptoms of this disorder are associated with conduct and personality disorders. Biederman (1998) stated; between 60% of…

Briefly describe and critically evaluate one or more models of addictive behaviour. Models of addictive behaviour aim to explain the initiation, maintenance and relapse of addictive behaviour. The Biological Model and The Cognitive Model are two that aim to do this. The biological model describes addiction as being a disease and enforces the idea that the addiction can’t be reversed even with treatment. The model is seen as a reductionist approach in explaining addiction because of the ability…

otherwise known as neurotransmitters. The predominant neurotransmitter in the reward system is dopamine because of its association with and direct effect on the reward system. The probability of a drug or behavior becoming addictive depends on the speed and intensity of the release of dopamine into the reward system (Juarez et al. 2016). Most drugs of abuse increase the activity of dopamine by interacting with dopamine synapses branching to the nucleas accumbens, or indirectly by regulating the…

drugs are used to treat it and what are the drugs doing? The drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease L-dopa, increasing the creation of dopamine once it’s in the brain, this drug treatment was discovered after injecting dopamine was an unsuccessful treatment because it couldn’t break the blood-brain barrier. By increasing the production of dopamine there are potential serious side-effects, and the treatment becomes ineffective for the patient as the disease as the disease progresses.…

Steve Johnson’s, “Why Games are Good For You”, is part of his best-selling book Everything Bad Is Good for You: How Today’s Popular Culture Is Actually Making Us Smarter, which was published in 2005. Johnson writes about science and culture, specifically the impact of cyber technology on human perception and communication (481). Through this essay, Johnson defends the value of video games, along with other past times that are considered a waste of time. His main claim is that video games teach…

moderate to severe pain usually associated with postoperative pain or neoplastic disease. (Tiziani, 2010) Morphine produces pharmacological actions such as pain relief, by acting on receptors located on neural cell membranes. (News Medical, 2015) Morphine simulates the actions of endorphins and enkephalins at opioid receptors, (Bryant & Knights, 2011) The capabilities of morphine span further than just the treatment of pain, it can be used to supress an unproductive…

groups tend to be more predisposed to schizophrenia because they often only marry in their own group increasing the odds of heritability. Exposure to dronabinol, a major psychotropic part of cannabis, can model a psychotic state sensitizing a person’s dopamine system. Some people are more susceptible to this psychosis as an early sign of schizophrenia. Motivation can be undermined by environment (Ryan & Deci, 2000b). Motivation is based off of the psychological needs of relationships,…

often several days or weeks are required, and several months may be needed to achieve the maximum benefit. Scientists believe antipsychotics are effective because of their impact on dopamine in the brain. Antipsychotics block certain amounts of dopamine, depending on potency. These medications block the dopamine receptors in the brain, causing a cutoff of the neurotransmitter. While this helps in areas such as the thalamus and striatum to regulate emotional and motivated behavior and facilitate…

There are various models that attempt to approach the explanations of abnormality these are the biomedical model, psychoanalytical, behaviourist and cognitive. Identification of the four psychological explanations of abnormality will be explained throughout this essay. Evaluation of the psychological explanations will also be included and a conclusion of research that has been found. Lawton, J (2009) said that the biological model believes that abnormalities are caused by biological processes…