Triparental mating

Illustration of sexduction in E. coli using streptomycin resistant F-lac- recipients and F′lac+ donors Abstract The process in which DNA from a donor cell is transferred through physical contact into a recipient cell is known as conjugation. In the experiment, sexduction, a cross between F′ and F- plasmids, was demonstrated by mixing the donor and recipient, diluting them and using selective plating methods. The plasmids from the donor, recipient and transconjugant were isolated and analyzed using FIGE gel Electrophoresis. The data that was acquired consisted of 12 red colonies and 483 white colonies from the conjugation mixture with a conjugation efficiency of 2.42%. The FIGE gel Electrophoresis produced the DNA bands of the donor and transconjugant strains with a size of 112 kb and no bands for the recipient. The results show that the recipient cells were converted to donor cells by the transfer of the F′ plasmid therefore, sexduction must have occurred. Introduction In 1946, conjugation was first discovered by Lederberg and Tatum. They studied two strains of Escherichia coli which required different nutrients, mixed them and obtained wild-type offspring (Griffiths et al., 2000). William Hayes discovered the fertility (F) factor and demonstrated that the factor could be independent or integrated within the genome. When the F plasmid is integrated into the genome, the host cell has a high frequency of recombination (Hfr). The donor (F+) transfers DNA to the recipient…

larger body size than that of males (Savalli & Fox, 1999). Despite their small size, males are known to have relatively large ejaculates, which act as a source of resources for their mates (Edvardsson, 2007). Although having access to these nutrients provided by their mates is of benefit to the females, it appears that living in the presence of males is costly to female C. maculatus health. Both females who were provided nutrients and those who were nutrient depleted had a shorter lifespan when…

the problems it is causing in Hawaii. The effects the Coquí has on Hawaii and in Puerto Rico are viewed differently and creating many conservational issues that has arisen in both places. The Coquí genus is “Eleutherodactylus, which in Greek means free toes. As the name indicates, this (genus) has no inter digital membrane, which could indicate that they are not adapted to swim. All Coquí’s have disks or pads on the tips of their toes, to help them adhere to surfaces, like moistened…

This review article describes how the mating decision of Drosophila fruit flies is dependent of first the male’s choice to mate and then the female’s choice to accept or reject the male. The article simplifies the mating by the neurobiology behind the male’s choice and then the female’s choice. Furthermore, the article describes how males rely on chemical signals to detect suitable courtship objects and distinguish female flies from males. According to the article, males courtship is based on…

Eberhard. They use some of the behavioural anomalies in these species to look at how females affect paternity such as how females actively participate in creating copulatory plugs as well as physical clasping by the female rather than the male during copulation. They present evidence that female Leucage individuals have powerful effects on whether copulation will occur, when it will end, whether a mating plug will be formed and whether the male will survive the encounter arguing that several…

choosing a mate appeared and had no choice but to choose someone whom they could trust would bring food on the table and security to her and their offspring. Moore and Cassidy think that “female reproductive success is therefore constrained by access to the resources necessary to raise costly offspring.” In order to seek for a mate, Puts tells us that women were competing to be the most attractive ones because more physically attractive women demand greater male investment and other direct and…

Human mating is observed in almost every culture, leading us to the diverse world we live in today. This signifies our existence and should be important to us. To better understand this behavior, we can take a look at different explanations which shape human mating behavior. Researching this topic we can find evolutionary perspectives, which delve into topics, such as parental investment, survival, and sexual selection. There is also an opposition to these evolutionary ideas which suggest that…