DNA

determination by slab gel electrophoresis. Forensic DNA analysis was introduced in the 1980s and became established with the discovery of polymorphic mini-satellites or variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci which gave rise to the concept of genetic fingerprinting in forensic science (Gill, Jeffreys and Werrett, 1985). This changed emphasis from gene product…

After looking at the results, there seemed to be a match between DNA found at the crime scene and DNA from one of the suspects. DNA from the crime scene with enzyme one matched closely with DNA from suspect two that was with enzyme one. Along with that match, the DNA from the crime scene with enzyme two was matched closely with DNA from suspect two with enzyme two. Because there were close matches to the DNA found at the crime scene, does not necessarily mean that the suspect is guilty. There…

are used to manipulate DNA sequences to create recombinant DNA by first cutting up the foreign DNA in order to protect the bacteria cell against invading DNA from other organisms. The enzyme is very specific when it comes to identifying a specific DNA sequence. When the enzyme identifies the specific DNA sequence it cuts both DNA strands at specific points at the restriction site. Lastly, the DNA ligase joins the DNA from two different sources and produces a recombinant DNA molecule by…

differences in DNA replication between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Are the changes in eukaryotes adaptations? Explain. Introduction Before we start our discussion, let us refresh our memories; cells are the absolute smallest building blocks of life, each manifesting a sophisticated design. Broadly speaking, the cells are divided in eukaryotes that contain membrane-bound organelles; and prokaryotes that do not (Diffen, 2007)—in short, prokaryotes are both simpler and smaller. The DNA is the…

DNA is a molecule consisting of hereditary material, and is present in almost all organisms. DNA has four nitrogenous bases that make up codes: adenine (A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), and thymine(T). The sequences of these chemical bases determine what information is present to create specific amino acids. The structure of DNA is similar to a twisting ladder and consists of paired bases (A to T, C to G), phosphate molecules, and sugar molecules. DNA is important because it instructs an organism's…

November 25, 2014 DNA Virtually anything can be identified by DNA, also known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a method of identification of growing and living things. According to genome.gov, a DNA molecule consists of two strands that bind around one another to form a shape known as a double helix. Each strand of the double helix has a backbone made of interchanging sugar and phosphate groups. “DNA sequencing is a scientific technique used to define the exact arrangement of bases in a DNA…

produced identical DNA fragments across the gel, enzyme 2 did not. This is evident in lane D and possibly indicates that this enzyme was unable to bind to recognition sites similar to the crime scene DNA in well B. Thus, it produced a DNA fragment smaller in size that travelled further. Since the DNA evidence in well D belongs to Suspect 1, it is apparent that they are not related to the crime. However, when the DNA of Suspect 2 was cut with enzyme 2, a DNA match between the suspect DNA…

four nitrogen bases shown in Model 1 are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. 2. a) I pointed at a single nucleotide on the ladder model of DNA, on the worksheet. The nucleotide included phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, and the deoxyribose sugar. b) The nitrogen-containing base(s) and hydrogen bond(s) make up the rungs of the "ladder" model of DNA. c) The phosphate and the deoxyribose sugar are the parts of the nucleotide(s) that make up the sides (backbone) of the "ladder"…

Introduction DNA makes up the genetic material for all organisms. However, not all organisms have distinct molecules working with DNA that come together to make up chromatin. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells, the cellular makeup of multicellular organisms. The structure of chromatin is composed of DNA and histones, together making up nucleosomes, and other non-histone proteins that bind to the DNA. The backbone of DNA is negatively charged and histones have a positive charge…

transfers the genetic code from DNA via mRNA to finally form the functional product (finished proteins) together forms the central dogma of modern molecular biology. Thus, the genetic code is the basis of the central dogma of molecular biology. Central dogma is nothing but the flow of genetic information in all living cells including human cells from DNA to RNA to proteins. The central dogma There are three classes of sequential biopolymers that encode information: DNA, RNA, and protein. The…