Deontological ethics

To establish a charitable trust, the test of public benefit should be satisfied. In Oppenheim case, the test was not established and the trust held not charitable. Charity means an institution which is established for charitable purposes only. One of the most important requirements of charitable trusts is the ‘public benefit test’. In contrary to the other trusts, which are called private trusts, charities are observed to be public trusts. The reason for distinguishing charities from other…

The word “Utilitarianism" was first used by British philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) in An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation in 1781. His utilitarianism was based on three points: pain and happiness, utility, and consequentialism. Bentham believed that pain and pleasure of a certain behavior is the only criterion for judging good and evil. Pleasure means good, pain means evil; pursuing happiness and avoid suffering were human nature. Based on this, he proposed a…

Introduction Fuller makes a statement that the humanity with moral life would not be exhausted seemingly even though natural laws binds upon any of the most essential human actions apart from. What leads Fuller to describe those subjects as shown above as external morality of law? Before determining how’s Fuller natural law theory work, one have to make a brief summary of the Hart and Fuller debate to understand the position of them. Then, examine the distinction between the law’s internal and…

when universalized, then the maxim fails the test. Rule utilitarianism is similar to duty ethics because it states that there is a universal set of rules that we should abide by to make moral decisions. However, the difference is that rule utilitarianism choose those rules based on whether that rule leads to the optimal consequences if an overwhelming majority in a society accept…

J.S Mill and Immanuel Kant both had their own very convincing theories regarding how to determine if an action/choice is morally permissible or not. Mill’s Principle of Utility focuses on the quality and quantity of happiness produced to determine the morality, while Kant’s Categorical Imperative concentrates more on our intentions. According to Mill’s Principle, Pat should not tell Chris that she cheated, because it would create more pain than pleasure. The pain that Chris would feel after…

Hunger Games Comparative Analysis In today’s society, we are forced to choose between blindly abiding by authority and exercising our freedoms to their fullest extent. But at what point do we choose to divulge from either path to do what is morally right? In Eric From’s article, “Disobedience as a Physiological Moral Problem”, he analyzes how the comforts of obedience and conformity can impact a person’s perspective of what is ethically just. Similarly, in “The Perils of Obedience”, by Stanley…

good will is necessary for one to deserve happiness, another claim from Kant. Additionally, Kant sees that we are all equals, and as such, moral rules that apply to one person, apply to everyone else and no one is excluded or exceptional. Kant’s ethics are more focused on the actions versus the goals of the circumstance. Utilitarianism will take whatever measures to ensure that it reaches its desired result…

Dessie Daye Mr.Patrick Period 7 Honors English 1 11/28/17 Selfish. You’re often told to not be selfish and put others before you, Ayn Rand contradicts this idea, she says “selfishness does not mean only to do things for one’s self, one may do things, affecting others, for his own pleasure or benefit. This is not immoral but the highest of morality”. Her novel anthem depicts a dystopian society where esteem, ego, and even the word “I” has been stripped from the inhibitors. A man labeled Equality…

In his collection of essays On the Genealogy of Morality, Nietzsche distinguishes between the moral systems of good/bad and good/evil and describes their origins, as well as problems that arise with the origins of good/evil in order to analyze two different moral systems and their implications. Nietzsche first distinguishes between the two moral systems of good/bad and good/evil in order to draw a contrast. Good/bad is defined as those with power and those without power: the good, like the…

Everyone has a set of morality and standards they will abide by, telling them right from wrong. Moral theory is an attempt to answer moral questions about our actions and what we ought to do. According to John Rawls, “Moral theory is the study of substantive moral conceptions, that is, the study of how the basic notions of the right, the good, and the moral worth may be arranged to form different moral structures (Rawls, pg. 1).” Utilitarianism is a modern theory introduced to us by John Stuart…