Constructivist epistemology

Reality, a state of the world for what things truly are and as they truly exist. Reality has perplexed philosophers to an extent, but perhaps none more so than the maddening words of Descartes in his meditations. To say that his words are maddening is a bit ingenuous to Descartes, but what he does propose is out of place. There have been skeptics before Descartes, but the level of skepticism he reaches is quite absurd and even more, it would be absurd if it was even true and could not be refuted…

Sir Philip Sidney’s The Defence of Poesie has been described as ‘instinct with and informed by a desire to reply to what any lover of poetry must consider a perverse and wrong-headed attack.’ Sidney identifies several charges which make up this ‘wrong-headed attack’; that there are ‘many other more fruitful knowledges’ than poetry, that poetry ‘is the mother of lies,’ and that poetry ‘is the nurse of abuse.’ These perceptions confronting literature were legitimate beliefs in Elizabethan England…

In the mind of philosophers, the idea of a true education is arguable. Throughout the centuries, multiple different philosophers produce a new concept of what true education is, for example, Plato and Descartes. Plato takes over Socrates work and keeps his legacy going in his writings. Additionally, the introducing of the idea of knowledge of the true forms and the necessity of knowledge of reality leading to a true self-knowledge. In the same way, “The Matrix” forces the main character, Neo to…

The word “philosophy” is normally associated with questioning and discovering the truth behind topics such as reasoning, existence, and knowledge. Philosophers ask questions left and right in order to gain more knowledge about the world, leading them to become known as “lovers of wisdom.” This ultimately leads to the question of “What is knowledge or wisdom?” Philosophers ponder over what it is to truly “know” something, and how trustworthy are the facts that humans thought they knew. Over the…

René Descartes’ main purpose was finding whether some truths really existed or not. Consequently, he understood that his aim would have been satisfied exclusively by doubting each belief he previously owned and, in order to do this, he had to meet the sceptical challenge of the evil genius. In this essay, I will start by explaining what the sceptical challenge is, examining other possible approaches to discover illusions, and arguing about what one I hold to be the most efficient. Afterwards, I…

communication acts, then to speech acts, to beliefs then to propositions, then finally to knowledge. As discussed before, Plato states that knowledge has to be a justified true belief. One thing that Plato studied within philosophy was epistemology. Epistemology is the study or theory of or word about knowledge. Beliefs contain knowledge and opinions. These are two very different things. Knowledge contains beliefs that are known. Opinions contains beliefs which are not known. Although…

Logical Fallacies are errors in reasoning that render arguments invalid and misrepresent issues. These assertions are often presented in ways that make them appear as proven facts, but they are often the opposite. Individuals using logical fallacies on purpose promote dishonesty, remove strength from arguments, and accuse readers of being unintelligent. These are found in essay writing, editorials, politics, slogans, social media posts, and advertising. Logical fallacies are arguments…

Philosophy is the study of ideas. Philosophy has four main branches: Ontology, study of reality: Epistemology, study of knowledge: Ethics, The study of moral: Aesthetics, study of art and beauty. Many Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle etc. contributed their own knowledge so we can use their philosophy in our life. According to Sir David, Humanism focuses on personal freedom, choice and responsibility. Achievement motivation towards highest levels. Control of own Destiny. Child…

In “Plato’s Republic: Justice and the Good Life”, Socrates explores the subject of morality and justice within the soul. His quest to find the answer first involves analyzing justice in a city, and then in the soul and lastly by answering the question why be moral? He accomplishes this by analyzing different levels of justice in the soul from different individuals. First, I will reconstruct Plato’s account of justice as three parts of the soul, those being the rational, spirited and appetite…

Philosophy is the study of ideas. Philosophy has four main branches: Ontology, study of reality: Epistemology, study of knowledge: Ethics, The study of moral: Aesthetics, study of art and beauty. Many Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle etc. contributed their own knowledge so we can use their philosophy in our life. According to Sir David, Humanism focuses on personal freedom, choice and responsibility. Achievement motivation towards highest levels. Control of own Destiny. Child…