Consensus

Since 1989 when the term Washington Consensus first appeared and throughout its short history there have been various interpretations of what it could signify. It has been described as a new form embodying imperialism, as a tool to undermine states, as the introduction of the laissez-faire economy etc. (Williamson, 2004: 6). Some more crucial definitions that Williamson provides in his historical overview are the usage of the term Washington Consensus when referring to the Bretton Woods institutions (World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund) and neoliberalism or market fundamentalism. The former tend to describe the policies of those institutions along those of the US towards client countries. The later does not seem to reflect the original meaning and it only remains for Williamson to add that the term “should surely refer to a set of policies that command or commanded a consensus in some significant part of Washington, either the US government or the IFIs or both, or perhaps both plus some other group.“ (Ibid: 7). The original list of the Washington Consensus encompasses ten proposed reforms being fiscal discipline, reordering public expenditure barriers, tax…

In other words, it is the tendency of members of highly cohesive groups to ignore information inconsistent with their views in order to stay within the comfort zone of their group’s consensus view. Groups with a groupthink mentality are characterized by an illusion of vulnerability, an illusion of unanimity, the practice of self-censorship by members, and a display of negative pressure towards potential dissenters (lecture). As a result, members rarely propose or publicly accept dissenting…

Geographic, whereas his predecessor made self-contained decisions, without consulting others much. As it turned out, Moore’s new, consensus style of leadership did not work well, in part, because the departmental managers seemed to be down in their own functional silos and reluctant to offer much input beyond the borders of their own departments. Contrastingly, however, in private, they often spoke ill of their colleagues and laid blame for the company’s problems on others without much…

Introduction Consensus (ijma) has long been recognised as a fundamental source of Islamic legal norms (Zaman, 2006:153). However, there is no universal agreement on how consensus should be reached and whether it is the consensus of legal scholars or that of the whole community that should be pursued (ibid.). Muhammad Qasim Zaman (ibid.) argues that the doctrine of consensus has been severely challenged in modern times; indeed, one could wonder whether it is at all possible to reach a substantive…

Is not better if politicians focused on pure common ground and reasonable consensus instead of throwing to the public just elusive ideals? I personally believe that it is usually better for politicians to reach modest realistic consensus with people and parties around them, and they should avoid give promises for ideals that will never attain just to please those around them and those for limited period time or just to gain short living popularity. Realistically reasonable consensus is valued…

In this essay I will argue that the state should not put any restrictions upon the production and circulation of pornography created by consenting adults beyond the production and circulation of that which depicts acts which are already prohibited by law. I will do this by opposing arguments made by those who suggest that the state has a responsibility to legislate on the issue of pornography according to the social moral consensus, and will argue that such principles have no place in state…

The liberal consensus was constructed during an era in which the U.S. was poised to be the worlds singular super power. This was an idealized optimistic image of the United States, promulgated by the beneficiaries of American ingenuity and conquest which was devoid of realism and characterized by its affinity for capitalism, it 's disregard for the disenfranchised and a sense of moral obligation to spread American principles. The liberal consensus was not to last, crumbling in the face of the…

Americans shared a set of three core beliefs in the 1950s known as the Liberal Consensus. Firstly, all social problems can be solved through economic growth under capitalism because everyone will benefit. Secondly, it is the duty of the United States as a democratic society to stop the spread of communism. Finally, pluralism prevents authoritarian government takeover. Several circumstances reinforced these attitudes: The Baby Boom of the 1940s and a subsequent increase in GNP; the spread of…

Social Constructionist Theory (SCT) in essence is the meaning, notion, or suggestion placed on an object or event by a society, and adopted by the people of that society with how they view or deal with that object or event. This idea may be accepted as natural by one culture, but may or may not represented as reality shared by those outside their culture. For example, one might think the sky is blue where another may think it is yellow, it is all about perception and how society taught us what…

Consensus Model Having an adequate legal description on the scope of an advanced practice nurse (APN) in state law is important because currently, each state has its own APN regulations and rules (Goudreau & Smolenski, 2014). The release of the Consensus Model set a uniform standard and guide the regulations of APN across the country (Joint Dialogue Group Report, 2008). However, barriers still exist that hamper APNs to practice to the full scope of their clinical training and nursing…