Classical conditioning

The human mind is a very confusing thing that has yet to be fully understood even with today 's technological advances. Over the past few centuries the understanding the human mind has increased significantly and the advances psychology have completely changed the field. There are many extraordinary theorist that contributed to the understandings and theories psychologist know today. William James, born in 1842 and died in 1910, the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United…

be labeled as animal cruelty, and therefore, his experiments were unethical. Another criticism of Pavlov’s study is that dogs are not the most biologically similar to humans. In order to achieve the best results to predict the potential for classical conditioning of humans, a more similar animal should have been chosen. Applications or new directions for research: This study could be adapted to help prisoners trying to reform themselves. If negative or illegal thoughts and actions are…

opinion, during classical and operant conditioning preparations I feel as if previous studies make it seem so appropriate for the study of animal intelligence. For example, Burrhus Frederic Skinner and his Skinner box . B.F.Skinner had invented the Skinner box that was used to study operant conditioning. To clarify, Skinner had already set up the Skinner box and now American psychologists today are still using his box to answer the questions that hey ponder about animal conditioning. Another…

Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250-258. Insane or Not David Rosenhan conducted a study investigating the ability to distinguish the difference between the sane and insane in insane environments. The study involved pseudopatients who travelled to separate psychological hospitals where all but one of them were diagnosed and admitted with schizophrenia after all complaining to hear voices. Once inside, the pseudopatients acted normally and…

The statement “Genie is living proof of human resiliency” is true because she survived everything she went through. Genie lived in in nearly total isolation until she was 13. She spent most of her time naked, retrained to a potty seat only being able to move her hands and feet day after day. The article states, “At night she was put into a straightjacket and caged in a crib that had wire mesh sides and an overhead.” She also wasn’t fed a lot weighing only 59 pounds. Genie overcoming all of this…

It has been said by many scientists that it is impossible for plants to learn and associate. Intelligence has been left to the realm of animals, specifically human beings. For years it has been nonsensical to state that a plant could develop humanlike cognition. Could something considered inanimate by so many have a mind? Could a plant respond to an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus in the manner of a dog, cat, or person? For example, could a mild stream of of air from a fan, set to go off…

Watson carried out an experiment on ‘Little Albert’. The results of his experiment showed that he could create fear from a certain object, that once was not fearful at all; this was through noises Albert was afraid of. Classical conditioning within a classroom can be used if a child has a positive experience within school they will have good results, but on other hands if the child has a negative attitude towards school they will result to having lower results than expected..…

but if we do not have the proper data to back up its ideas, who’s to say that it is all a figment of our imagination? I also feel that behavior is the result of stimulus and that our responses to stimuli are learned over time through some form of conditioning. The only thing I am still not sure where I stand on is consciousness. I have always grown up with the idea that there is something in our head telling us right from wrong but I also feel that psychology should be viewed as a science, which…

There are many alternative theories surrounding the subject of ‘how children learn’. Firstly, one of the most influential theories of how children learn in today’s education system is constructivism which has been accepted as a model of children’s cognitive development since the 1950’s when it was developed by Jean Piaget (1896-1980). He aimed to develop a theory which was able to show ‘the nature of knowledge and the ways in which an individual acquires knowledge.’ Smith et al. (2003, p. 388).…

The purpose of this experiment was to study how irrational animal phobias can be conditioned into an emotionally stable child. The overall aim was to gain a deeper understanding of phobias and possibly to learn how they develop and can be treated. The Little Albert experiment took place in 1920 at John Hopkins University and was conducted by John Watson and his former student Rosalie Rayner. For the experiment they selected a nine-month-old boy from a hospital, who was later nicknamed “Little…