Classical conditioning

Developmental psychology is an approach of the social change over time of a child and an adult. Developmental psychologist’s profession is to study social, cognitive studies. They study on what motivates the human’s mind that influences them on their behaviour and thinking and what causes their intentions. It is important to consider nature and nurture when explaining the developmental theories. Nature is based on the inheritance, linked to genetics; however nurture is based on social and…

What constitutes effective practice in Secondary (KS3/KS4) Mathematics teaching? “It is noble to teach oneself; it is still nobler to teach others.” -- Mark Twain “Mathematics is a more powerful instrument of knowledge than any other that has been bequeathed to us by human agency.” -- René Descartes Introduction In the ‘good old days’ the emphasis was on “the three Rs: reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmetic”.x More recent developments have emphasized the core of literacy (“the ability to read,…

shaped by the environment. Example, if a behaviour results in a positive outcome; it will likely be repeated but if behaviour has a negative outcome it is more likely to be shunned. Two core features of learning in the behaviourist approach are Classical…

This week I wanted to talk a little more about Pavlov. I find Pavlov and his research very interesting, and I find it even more interesting that people only think of Pavlov for his theories of conditioning. There are many more things that make up Pavlov’s contribution to psychology, including other psychologists that we would not even know about without Pavlov. This topic fits into this class because the entire section of 3.2 is about Pavlov. I am hoping that this will bring up some new…

The Role of Psychology in Science There is a reason why we have a vast array of divisions within the world of psychology. Whether it’s from Child Psychology to Adult Development and Aging or from Military Psychology to Rehabilitation Psychology, there seems to be a study of the mind for almost anything and everything that we do in our lives. These divisions, along with 50 other subfields of psychology, branch out and interconnect with the other disciplines creating a network that sources from…

1984). In the first experiment, the researchers wished to examine the effects of appetitive conditioning on the observational response (OR) to a light. The conditioning was done over six sessions where the rats were presented with food after a pre-exposure of 10 seconds to the light. Similar to the experiment done by Holland (1977), Kaye and Pearce (1984) observed the rat’s behaviours during the conditioning. In contrast, their study defined rearing as the rats making contact with the light…

In my opinion, I find tittle 's control-balance theory to be a little bit off. In the book, it states, “Tittle argued that a person is least likely to offend when he or she has a balance of controlling and being controlled” (Tittle, 1995 ). The thing that I don 't understand is: How can the balance of controlling and being controlled determine whether or not a person will offend or not? I believe that a person could offend on other circumstances, such as how they grow up. By this, I mean if the…

He questioned what would happen if after conditioning, the bell (CS) occurred repeatedly without the food(US)? Would the dog still salivate(CR)? It seemed that the dog salivated less and less as time went on without the food(US). This reaction is known as Extinction. Gradually the dog stopped salivating to the sound of the bell and became extinct. Extinction weakens the CR while Acquisition strengthens it. However, when the bell was again paired with the food (US) he started to…

biologically predisposed patterns. This is the limit of classical conditioning; natural responses overpowering classic conditioning. For operant conditioning, biological constraints see that learned tasks will quickly deteriorate if the they are not naturally adaptive (liking forcing pigeons to peck to stop a shock and flap their wings for food, rather peck for food and flap to stop a shock). The main limit is the…

the adverse stimuli. Together these responses make up fear (Miltenberger, 2015). Therefore, Jackie’s situation could be explained as both respondent (also known as classical) conditioning, and operant conditioning. Respondent behaviors are induced from antecedent stimuli; antecedent stimuli manipulation creates respondent conditioning. Respondent behaviors are bodily responses that have a physiological basis, the bodily responses involved in autonomic arousal…