Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250-258.
Insane or Not
David Rosenhan conducted a study investigating the ability to distinguish the difference between the sane and insane in insane environments. The study involved pseudopatients who travelled to separate psychological hospitals where all but one of them were diagnosed and admitted with schizophrenia after all complaining to hear voices. Once inside, the pseudopatients acted normally and showed no symptoms. However, each hospital’s staff failed to recognize the saneness of these patients. When released, after the average nineteen day stay, the pseudopatients were documented as having schizophrenia in remission. This study tested the ability …show more content…
In the experiment, Milgram had a variety of men in different professions take part in an experiment they believed was to be the effect of punishment on learning. Milgram hired an actor to play the authoritative experimenter and a confederate to become the subject/learner that would be shocked or “punished.” A fake shock generator was built with a 15-volt to 450-volt range, and a rigged drawing took place to decided the teacher and the learner. The participant was asked to “shock” the learner every time he answered incorrectly and to up the voltage by one level each time, by the experimenter. The experimenter, standing near the participant, would encourage the participant when they felt unsure to continue the experiment by telling him, he must go on. This continued until the participant refused to continue or until all the levels on the shock generator were completed. The independent variable was the procedure each participant went through. Then, the dependent variable was whether the participant obeyed and finished all the voltage levels or not. The major findings of this experiment were the level of obedience that humans retain and the ability of someone in a higher position of authority to make someone go against their moral values. Not-to-mention, 65% of the participants …show more content…
In each separate experiment, Loftus showed a short video to a group of subjects. After the video was shown in each experiment, the subjects would be split into two or three groups where each group was asked different questions. One group would be asked questions without false presumption taking place while the other group would have questions including false presumptions. A few of the experiments even had the subjects return a week later to see if the presumptions affected the mind’s recall. Through the difference in questions that were asked to the specific groups in each experiment, Loftus was able to see how the mind can reconstruct its memory. The independent variable was the difference in questions given to the direct, false presumption, or control group in each experiment. Then, the dependent variable was the responses each subject would give to the question asked depending on which group that subject was in. The major findings of this experiment included the statistically significant differences between each group’s answers and the discovery of the process of reconstruction that occurs during the recall of a memory. The false presumption group may answer “yes” to a certain question by 10 people more than the other groups, due to this significant number it is seen how easily a few added words in a question can change someone’s answer. The
Insane or Not
David Rosenhan conducted a study investigating the ability to distinguish the difference between the sane and insane in insane environments. The study involved pseudopatients who travelled to separate psychological hospitals where all but one of them were diagnosed and admitted with schizophrenia after all complaining to hear voices. Once inside, the pseudopatients acted normally and showed no symptoms. However, each hospital’s staff failed to recognize the saneness of these patients. When released, after the average nineteen day stay, the pseudopatients were documented as having schizophrenia in remission. This study tested the ability …show more content…
In the experiment, Milgram had a variety of men in different professions take part in an experiment they believed was to be the effect of punishment on learning. Milgram hired an actor to play the authoritative experimenter and a confederate to become the subject/learner that would be shocked or “punished.” A fake shock generator was built with a 15-volt to 450-volt range, and a rigged drawing took place to decided the teacher and the learner. The participant was asked to “shock” the learner every time he answered incorrectly and to up the voltage by one level each time, by the experimenter. The experimenter, standing near the participant, would encourage the participant when they felt unsure to continue the experiment by telling him, he must go on. This continued until the participant refused to continue or until all the levels on the shock generator were completed. The independent variable was the procedure each participant went through. Then, the dependent variable was whether the participant obeyed and finished all the voltage levels or not. The major findings of this experiment were the level of obedience that humans retain and the ability of someone in a higher position of authority to make someone go against their moral values. Not-to-mention, 65% of the participants …show more content…
In each separate experiment, Loftus showed a short video to a group of subjects. After the video was shown in each experiment, the subjects would be split into two or three groups where each group was asked different questions. One group would be asked questions without false presumption taking place while the other group would have questions including false presumptions. A few of the experiments even had the subjects return a week later to see if the presumptions affected the mind’s recall. Through the difference in questions that were asked to the specific groups in each experiment, Loftus was able to see how the mind can reconstruct its memory. The independent variable was the difference in questions given to the direct, false presumption, or control group in each experiment. Then, the dependent variable was the responses each subject would give to the question asked depending on which group that subject was in. The major findings of this experiment included the statistically significant differences between each group’s answers and the discovery of the process of reconstruction that occurs during the recall of a memory. The false presumption group may answer “yes” to a certain question by 10 people more than the other groups, due to this significant number it is seen how easily a few added words in a question can change someone’s answer. The