Chemical kinetics

Nerve agents are chemicals which are used for warfare purposes in attempts to kill mass amounts of soldiers. This form of warfare has become so heartless, that even Adolf Hitler himself refrained from using them against the Allied Forces during the Second World War. Nerve agents are all based around phosphorus. In the 1930s, the very first nerve agent of the “G Series” was created. This is known as the “G-Series” due to the fact they were all originated in Germany. There are four types of nerve…

describe many things. However, all three combined only seem to describe Birthstones. Birthstones are amazing objects that affect our economy in many ways. More importantly, birthstones have a deep connection to chemistry and science. Due to their chemical properties, birthstones can also be used for medicinal purposes and healing techniques that have helped humans throughout time. Overall, birthstones contain many disciplines and the concept is one of the most interesting created during the…

today are caused by pollution or contamination through inorganic compounds so it is imperative that scientists and researchers known how to physically and chemically identify these substances. The testing of inorganic substances to determine the chemical makeup is present in many different types of research. Monthon Thanutamoayong is a scientific researcher who focused on the identification of inorganic pollutants in drinking water through nanofiltration. Through this type of testing, the…

Our initial investigation of the asymmetric Mannich reaction of indole 2a with phenyl α-amidosulfone 3a is summarized in Table 1. The effect of catalyst structure on the reaction outcome was first investigated at 10 mol% catalyst loading in toluene (Table 1, Entries 1–5). As we expected, based on our knowledge of the catalytic performance of chiral oligoEG 1,[7] the ether chain length (Entries 1–3) as well as suitable acidity of the phenolic protons (Entry 2 vs. Entries 4 and 5) are critical for…

that make up chemical compounds. Throughout the rest of 18th century, investigation into chemical species continued and soon experimentation gave rise to laws and theories. One of the most…

– equation (2 gives info on location of electron in terms of probability density - wave functions are called orbitals – [pic], where E is energy, e2 is electric potential, r is orbital radius and h is Planck’s constant 1925 Wolfgang Pauli – each orbital has only 2 electrons is now explained due to direction of spin of electrons. Spinning electrons create magnetic field. Only 2 electrons of opposite spin in an orbital referred to as Pauli exclusion principle Hund’s rule – half fill…

In March of 2016, Carthage College staged a new production entitled the Breath of Stars, which was advertised as a modern adaption of Shakespeare’s the Tempest. In the same month, the College of Lake County offered a traditional performance of the Tempest, which served as an excellent means by which to evaluate the relative proximity of Carthage’s production to Shakespeare’s original text. This essay will begin with a detailed description of the College of Lake County’s production of…

The role of enzymes play a large role in the survival of organisms through catalysis of reactions that keep them alive and functioning. The purpose of this experiment was to measure reaction activity over time and how substrate concentration affects their activity level. A supernatant was made through the dilution of blended potato extract. Then the supernatant was mixed with catechol and the reaction rate was measured in units of absorbance through a spectrophotometer every 30 seconds for ten…

In A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, people today can clearly see how Torvald mistreats his wife Nora. He treats her like a pet and calls her by little nicknames that are not appropriate for someone such as your wife. For example in the opening scene he says to her, “Is it my little squirrel bustling about?”(Ibsen), this is something people today find to be completely sickening but then it was a thing that was common and accepted. During the time it was written people acted in the exact…

and leave one at room temperature. Allow the tubes to sit for a while, then compare the tubes and record any differences. If there is enough time, allow the tubes to warm/cool down to room temperature and record any observations. Dispose of the chemicals into the proper…